Biotechnology Techniques Essay

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BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES BIOTECHNOLOGY: Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bio-products. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose. Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell- and tissue culture technologies. Biotechnology draws on the pure biological sciences (genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology) and in many instances is also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology (chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, and bio-robotics). There are different techniques involved in Biotechnology which are as follows with their respective branches: 1. TISSUES CULTURE TECHNIQUE a. Totipotency b. Embryo Culture c. Single Cell Culture d. Micropropagation e. Haploid Culture f. Somaclonal Variation g. Suspension Culture h. Artificial Seed i. Protoplast Culture 2. CELL FUSION TECHNIQUE 3. GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE Methods: a. Transfer via agrobacterium spp. b. Transfer via electroporation c. Transfer via polyethylene glycol [PEG] d. Transfer via biolistics e. Transfer of microinjection f. Liposome Mediated Gene Transfer g. Transformation using pollen or pollen tube h. Incubation of Dry seeds, Embryos, Tissues or Cells in DNA i. Transfer by using Ultrasonification 4. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, HEALTH AND INDUSTRY a. Micropropagation for biomass energy production b. Production of disease free, disease resistant, insect resistant, herbicide resistant plants c. Induction & Selection of Mutant d. Production of somatic hybrids e. Production of transgenic plants f. Industrial biotechnology Basic Tissue Culture Technique: In modern usage, tissue

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