1-2-09 Glowing Bacteria Genes are pieces of DNA which hold the instructions for making proteins. The protein will then give an organism a particular trait. Genetic transformation means changes caused by genes, and requires the insertion of a gene into an organism, in order to change the trait. this technique is used by in many areas of biotechnology. Agriculturally, plants can be genetically transformed to be resistant to pesticides, spoilage, and frost.
9.3.1- 4: Use available evidence to analyse, using a named example, how advances in technology have changed scientific thinking about evolutionary relationships. The physical features that are easily visible are most often used to classify organisms - but can sometimes lead to the wrong conclusions. Advances in biotechnology have enabled scientists to look beyond these physical features to closely investigate evolutionary relationships between organisms. DNA hybridisation technology: If two species are ‘closely related’, they evolved from a common ancestor is only a relatively short time ago. This means that there has been only a short time for DNA mutations to occur, so they will still share many DNA sequences - and there will be fewer differences in their DNA than in more distantly related species.
Purpose In this lab we are trying to get a broader understanding of the transformation of bacteria by exposing them to pBLU plasmids. Introduction Transformation is the manipulation of a bacterial cell's DNA in order to alter the cell's genotype or phenotype by absorbing free DNA from its surroundings. This can result in a nonpathogenic bacteria becoming pathogenic by absorbing the DNA of a broken open or dead pathogenic bacteria. In our case it is taking in the pBLU plasmid. A plasmid is a spherical self-replicating DNA molecule that is not actually a part of the bacterial cell but can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome.
He is just a biologist, which explains his great knowledge of how genes work. This was not Ripley’s first book about the human genome. His has put out a vast collection about human evolution, sex, and genes. Ripley gives us many reasons to believe that he takes a biological science to a whole different level with his understanding of the human genome. Ripley presents us with ideas of the biochemistry of genes and the psychological effects they may have.
By using the genes from two bacteria producing organisms such as Alcaligenes Eutrophus, they could insert them into cress plants with the aim of these plants producing the PHB. This process worked and the plants and some of their offspring produced around 14% of the dry weight as PHB. Although this is not as high yielding as when it is produced in the petri dishes, it is a much more economically viable method of production and hence would give a much more substantial impact to society. Chemically PHB is from a group of biopolymers known as the polyhyroxyalkanoates. Figure 1 below shows other examples of biopolymers in
http://www.genome.gov/25020028 This site discusses the history behind cloning, when cloning receive its scientific breakthrough, the advantages and disadvantages of cloning, and how technology plays a part in cloning. I would use this information in my paper in regards to comparing advantages and disadvantages of cloning, and also go in to the ethical reasons why or why not to clone. 4. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-science/genetics-molecular-medicine/related-policy-topics/stem-cell-research/human-cloning.page? This site gives valuable information on the statistical data of clones. It goes in depth of how many times mammal clones were attempted to be created, and how many times they actually succeed.
Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a cell from the donor organism. Cloning can be used in humans, human organs, or even animals. There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning. Doctors can take healthy cells and tissue from a patient’s body and use them to make organs. With continued research in cloning procedures, scientists predict they will be able to find a cure for cancer by learning how to switch cells on and off.
Newspapers frequently carry stories about genetically modified food. The biotechnology agricultural age is occurring. Scientists had an idea to make food have better appearance, growth, and taste. In genetic engineering you take the best food available and add the few characters you are interested in so that you’re breeding efficiency is increased. Genetically modified foods are boosted in nutritional value, and can be more disease-resistant, flavorful, or cheaper than natural foods.
It can also help to replicate animals that can be used for research purposes by scientists. Cloning Cons • Since cloning creates identical genes and it is a process of replicating a complete genetic constitution, it can significantly hamper the much needed DNA diversity in human beings. The lessening of genes diversity will weaken our adaptation ability. Similarly, cloning will also severely affect diversity in plants and animals. A cloned species may not know how to react to viruses and other destructive agents as scientists cannot predict such potential developments.
Positvie and Negative Aspects of Cloning Cloning is the process of creating a copy of a biological entity. In genetics, cloning refers to the process of making an identical copy of the DNA of an organism. Here are three positive aspects along with three negitive aspects and in conclusion I will state where I stand on this matter. Cloning of body parts such as livers, spinal cords or even skin as a medical tool is a very good thing. It can save countless lives by repairing or replacing damaged organs or body parts.