Knowledge is in the “inclusive sense used in cognitive psychology, information in memory about the world, ranging from the everyday to the formal; often further defined as information about the world that is likely to be true and that one has justification for believing”. Computers are not as capable at forming internal representations of the world. Instead of gathering knowledge for themselves, computers depend on human beings to place knowledge directly into their memories. Computer memory and human memory work differently and there are similarities that help us to understand the way computers work. The brain and the computer brain use different kinds of memory for different tasks.
Describe and Evaluate the WMM The working memory model, a theory created by Baddeley & Hitch, suggests that there are four separate stores in the store term memory. These are called the central executive, phonological loop, visuo spatial sketchpad and episodic buffer. The central executive is the delegator, problem solver and decision maker. This separates into two slave systems- the loop and sketchpad. The phonological loop deals with auditory information and preserves the order of information.
Short term memory (STM) is considered as incoming information from the sense which we attend to for only a short period of time. Only when we attend to the incoming sensory information and rehearse it does that information transfer from short term memory to long term memory. Short term memory is thought to be limited to 18-30 seconds, information that is not processed into long term memory is then lost through decay or displacement. The three main areas to memory are encoding, which is the way information is changed so it can be stored in memory. The information enters the brain via the senses including eyes and ears, it is then stored in various forms such as visual codes (pictures), acoustic form (sound based) or semantic form (how we attach meaning or experiences) Encoding
It helps the transfer of information from short term memory into long term memory. (Willingham, 2007) The brain also helps with problem solving and reasoning skills. In order for cognitive functioning in the brain to work correctly it needs to be able to transmit signals from the left hemisphere to the right hemisphere. When signals are received from the left side of the body they go to the right side of the brain and visa versa. The brain also helps coordinate movement.
Memory is stored and retained overtime then the information is retrieved from the memory when needed. Working Memory “The working memory (WM) refers to a brain system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning (Baddeley , 2009).” According to Baddeley, “WM requires the immediate storage and processing of information and can be divided into the following three subcomponents: (1) the central executive, which is assumed to be an attentive and controlling system and is important in skills, and two subordinate systems, that is to say (2) the visuospatial sketch
M2- Self awareness is the ability to know myself, my abilities, limitation and what is my personality is like. Self awareness is a very important tool to have as it helps me to be conscious of my limits and areas for further development. It is hard to do this with a friend because we may not want the friend to know who we really are. Before we can professionally help others as counsellors, we need to be self aware. This is because of the nature of the role of counsellors.
There are many factors that motivate me to learn. I related more to Sara because I’m the same way when it comes to learning. I’m a need to know person. I need to know how this will benefit me in the long run. When I know the outcome, it gives me the inner desire to learn.
2). With that being said it is safe to say that movement, doing, and seeing are at the utmost importance for these multimodal learners. What may be helpful to the learner that engages in both the Kinesthetic and Visual category may be as
Outline and Evaluate the Multi-Store of Memory The idea of a multi-store memory, was discovered by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968, and argues that memory can be divided into three separate structures; Sensory memory, Short-term memory and Long-term memory. Information is thought to enter the memory system through the Sensory memory, then passed on to the Short Term memory when attention is paid to it. If this information is thought about and rehearsed in the Short Term memory it is passed to the Long-Term Memory to help interpret information in Short Term Memory. The Sensory Memory, which is uses visual, auditory and tactile encoding, has a limited capacity however, and a brief duration, so for information to be useful, it has to be passed
Discuss social or cultural factors that affect cognitive processes. Cognitive processes are the representation of memory in ones brain and are known as schema. Our brains have the ability to process complex symbols and make them sense right to the environment surrounding us. This enables us to look at situations and imagine what might happen following it. This ability to see information and process it can be affected easily by various factors.