‘Outline and Evaluate the Multi-Store Model of Memory’ The multi-store model (MSM) is an information processing system, which holds features such as sensory memory, short-term memory and long term memory. This model of memory had been proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 and they envisaged memory as a flow of information through an information-processing system. The MSM is divided into a series of stages as the information asses from one story to another in a fixed sequence. At each stage there are three constraints in terms of capacity, duration and encoding. Atkinson and Shiffrin said that the information enters from the environment and it registers at the sensory memory before either decaying of passing on to short-term memory.
Outline and evaluate the working memory model (12 marks) Baddeley and Hitch proposed that memory has 4 components. The central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer. The central executive decides how to share out and direct attention to incoming information. The phonological loop can be thought of as a maintenance rehearsal mechanism for retaining verbal information. It is sub-divided into two other components, the phonological store (inner ear), which holds acoustically coded information, and the articulatory process (inner voice), which allows for sub vocal rehearsal (words you are about to say).
It is divided into the phonological store and the articulatory process. The phonological store called the ‘inner ear’ deals with auditory information and preserves the order of the information. It has duration of about two seconds unless rehearsal by the articulatory process occurs. However, on the other hand the articulatory process is like the ‘inner voice’. It explains evidence for acoustic coding in short term memory.
The working memory model was proposed by Baddeley & Hitch (1974) as an alternative to the multi-store model of memory. It has been developed to directly challenge the concept of a single unitary store for short-term memories. The working memory model is based upon the findings of the dual-task study and suggests that there are four separate components to our working memory (STM). The most important component is the central executive; it is involved in problem solving/decision-making. It also controls attention and plays a major role in planning and synthesizing information, not only from the subsidiary systems but also from LTM.
Outline and evaluate the working memory model. (12marks) Baddley and Hitch argued that unlike the multi-store model that has only one store for short term memory (stm), the stm actually consists of several complex and active components that all work together. In the stm, information is transferred and temporarily held before being combined with our long term memory (ltm). These different components all work together however, still store different types of information separately. For example, our verbal information will be stored in one component, while our visual information will be stored in another.
The memory management function keeps track of the status of each memory location, either allocated or free. It determines how memory is allocated among competing processes, deciding who gets memory, when they receive it, and how much they are allowed. When memory is allocated it determines which memory locations will be assigned. It tracks when memory is freed or unallocated and updates the status. Paged allocation divides the computer's primary memory into fixed-size units called page frames, and the program's address space into pages of the same size.
The results were that the chance of developing a cold correlated with stress index scores. The life event lowered the immune function and increased vulnerability to the virus. However there were several problems with this research, one of which was that it was an indirect study- there was no direct measure of the immune system for example no blood test or medical test was taken as evidence. Consequently we cannot determine how far the participant’s immune system was affected in relation to the stress. Another key problem was that there were was no direct manipulation of the independent variable so the study doesn’t tell us which element of the stress index is most important and related to the decrease in immune function.
The argument is against those who committed theses crimes, they knew what they were doing was wrong and instead they continued to break the law. It does not support my position nor does it negate from it. I believe that these primary sources were not that reliable because they were just court case files. I think that no
The working memory model consists of four parts: episodic buffer, phonological loop, central executive and visio spatial sketchpad; The episodic buffer is a fairly recent addition to the working memory model. Its purpose is to bind together all of the information from the other components of working memory with information about time and order. This prepares memories for storage in the episodic LTM. The phonological loop consists of two parts, Articulatory Control System and the Phonological Store. The Articulatory Control System rehearses information verbally and has a tiny capacity
(Baddeley 2003). The model proposed by Baddeley & Hitch is said to have four components, the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, the central executive and the episodic buffer .My aim is to outline the working memory model and present the benefits it has on immediate memory. I will then explain the major disadvantage of the model. “Within cognitive psychology, the concept of working memory represents a modification and extension of an earlier concept of short term memory” (Baddeley,1996), this being the multi-store model that Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed. The model proposed that information ran through a fixed sequence, playing a vital role in learning and understanding.