Even spread the faith to different countries that had many Protestants. By the time that Loyola died, the Jesuits had already spread out to Africa, India, Japan and America. The Jesuits also made the Catholic Church look kind of decent after the whole Martin Luther incident. My second reason why the Counter Reformation had a positive effect on European history is that the Catholic Church had fixed many of its problems. The group that wanted change in the church was the council of Trent, invented by Pope Paul the 3rd.
1. Which was a major result of the Protestant Reformation? a) new Christian denominations emerged b) religious teachings were no longer allowed in the universities c) the Crusades were organized d) the power of the Pope was strengthened 2. Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses were a call for a) religious revolt against the German princes b) reforms within the Roman Catholic Church c) greater papal authority d) Crusades to spread Christianity 3. Who did Luther think had too much power? a) the King b) the Nobles c) the Pope d) the Knights 4.
This hypocrisy, in Voltaire’s view, needed to be stumped out so as to transform life in Europe. The church, as depicted in Voltaire’s work, is one of the most hypocritical places. Although the priests and other religious leaders preach the idea of a perfect world, created by a perfect God, they fail to practice this perfection. For example, as Candide and Cunegonde are talking to an old woman, the latter reveals that she is the daughter of Pope Urban X and of the Princess of Palestrina (Voltaire 24). The satire in this is that catholic priests are meant to be celibate, therefore, raising questions as to how a pope would sire a daughter.
This uncertainty at the head of the church created divisions in Christendom that would last for a long time, divisions that would sow the seeds of the reformation, increase strength of national churches and lead the way to the creation of The Church of England. The crisis of Church in the later medieval ages was one of role, increasingly secular government was coming to the forefront of administration, where before the Church ‘had fulfilled many of the functions of the modern state’ The 18 years of Pope Innocent III’s pontificate is viewed by many as the height of the papacy in the medieval era. Innocent believed that the Pope controlled the spiritual world of man in Gods stead. He realised that to do this the Pope would have to have control of the temporal world as well. Innocent pursued these claims very successfully and Margaret Deanesly argues that ‘he was a greater force in the secular politics of Europe than either emperor or national king’.
In the early 16th century, the Protestant Reformation divided the unity of the Roman Catholic Church. The Reformation movement began in Germany led by Martin Luther. His speeches and writings were passed on all over Europe with the help of the printing press. It started in response to the rising sense of corruption in the church. For instance, “the sale of indulgences for the benefit of the church of Rome specifically for the rebuilding of St. Peters Cathedral provoked harsh criticism, especially by those who saw the luxuries of the papacy as a betrayal of apostolic ideals ” (Fiero 119).
The Lutheran Princes felt it necessary to create the Protestant Union and in retaliation the Catholics formed to Catholic League. They agreed that neither of them should make a religious or territorial move. Protestant Churches were closed my Ferdinand of Styria, which caused the first outbreak of violence in 1617. Europe began to struggle through inflation. This was because the war had been fought on German soil, causing them to lose money in agriculture; also the trade routes had shifted.
These included his understanding of what individuals need to attain Salvation and his 95 Thesis. Through these beliefs, Luther consequently impacted Christianity in many ways. Some of which include the widespread questioning of Catholic Church, the birth of a new Christian visitant – Protestantism, the development of Protestant denomination: Lutheran, Calvinist – Baptists, Church of England etc., and the Counter Reformation. One of the ways in which Martin Luther was a catalyst for the Reformation of the Christian Church was his understanding of salvation. During the 1500’s, the Catholic Church was in a state of nepotistic and was shrouded in corruption and wrongdoing.
She kept the Monarch as the Governor of the church not the Pope which is Protestant, I believe this is a good idea because the Protestants will still think she is a true Protestant and she will be popular with them. On the other hand the Catholics would not be happy with this idea because the Monarch is Protestant; also they may start to hate Elizabeth. As well as Bishops ran the church and an English bible, prayer book was used which are both Protestant. But she kept the candles and crucifixes in the church; this meant that the Catholics actually felt a part of the church and would of felt welcomed to enter. The middle policy won lots of support, she said, ‘I will not make a window into men’s souls, there is only one Jesus Christ, and all else is a dispute over trifles.’ This decision was so important to her and England because if she would of chose the wrong choice for example make England Protestant then there would have been a religious war and the Catholics would rebel.
Women learned the ways of men (doing business and taking care of finances) while the men were away at war. Because of this they desired more equal marriages and wanted a say in decisions. They also wanted to marry for love instead of economics. Men finally began teaching women in schools which eventually led to women teaching other women. Abigail Adams reminded her husband to not forget the women in the constitution which is significant because it was the beginning of women’s rights.
Other areas of education began to expand as well such as gymnasiums in Germany and grammar schools in England. Combined with the growth of the printed word and the expansion of curriculum, education began to reform as well. One of the earliest reformers was Martin Luther, who proposed home, state, and church responsibility for education as well as the extension of elementary education to young girls. Another reformer, John Calvin, developed Latin preparatory high schools that featured a modified system of gymnasiums. Calvin also built a university in Geneva in 1559 that prepared young scholars for the ministry or civil service.