In the study of psychology there are six perspectives which each interpret there own idea of the study of psychology and how behaviour is performed as a result. At the start of psychology it is explained that each perspective’s idea of behaviour is mainly based on a set of beliefs or ideas. The six perspectives are: •Behaviourist •Psychodynamic •Cognitive •Humanistic •Biological •Social learning The Behaviourist Perspective. The first perspective is the behaviourist perspective which looks at the idea of all behaviour being learnt, the perspective says that behaviour could be learnt through two different processes, these processes are operant and classical conditioning. The two main psychologists involved in the behaviourist approach to psychology were, Ivan Pavlov who studied classical conditioning and Frederic Skinner who looked at operant conditioning.
Qualitative research uses the information found in order to provide an understanding to the human experience and behavior ("Encyclopedia.com", 2013). Quantitative and qualitative research differs from one another in terms of what data or information that they yield and display, as well as how that information is interpreted. For example quantitative research will portrait the percentage or statistics of a matter and qualitative research will look into and portrait the life pattern or the behavior of individuals to get them into those statistics. Both can relate to the human service field as well as the scientific method, which does get used within the human service profession. Both quantitative and qualitative can be incorporated into the scientific method.
I will also briefly look at both theories in terms of power relations and structure / agency which can have a great influence on individual difference and personality traits. . To conclude, both theories take a different ontological and methodology approach towards individuals, which means that the aims of their research and the knowledge produced by can be quite different. The trait theory it was developed by Eysenck & Rachman, their theory is based in the experimental scientific and psychometric tradition, whereby assessments were used to access personality. This theory on personality was based upon biological explanations whereby he believed that individual’s personality traits were caused by a persons biological and genetic make-up (cited in Butt, 2012).
In cultural psychology the mental processes are compared with the society and the individual who has grown up in that society. Comparatively, cross-cultural psychologists systematically research behavior across cultures in different cultural situations (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Critical Thinking Critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology is important because cross-cultural psychology is about identifying the similarities and differences in individuals and how they function in his or her culture. Critical thinking is about making realistic, valid and reasonable evidence. Critical thinking is described as maintaining an attitude that is open=minded and doubtful (Shiraev & Levy, 2010).
Secondly it will go onto explaining different approaches to interviews which have specific strengths and limitations. Next, it will explain some advantages and disadvantages of using interviews as a research method with consideration to different types of interviews. This will be done by explaining ways in which the researcher may find interviewing useful and showing barriers which can prevent this method from being useful to researchers. The final aspects of this essay will sum up the pros and cons of using interviews as a research method. Gillham 2000 said that interview is a conversation which aims to find answers to particular questions.
4). In a more descriptive definition social psychology is a scientific study that focuses on understanding and explaining how humans think about, influence and/or affect, and relate to one another. Social psychology can be summed up and simply defined as the scientific study of social thinking, social influence, and social relations (Myers, 2010). Although there are many different views, experiments, outcomes, and theories that make up social psychology these ideas can be boiled down to just a few central ideas referred to as social psychology's big lessons (Myers, 2010). These big ideas can be categorized under social thinking, social influence, or social relations.
These perspective viewpoints are known as emic perspective; however, the perspective pertains to specific psychopathologies in reference to culture. On a “cultural relativist perspective on the study of psychopathology may be important for several reasons. First of all, it may help in the development of culture-specific therapies. Second, it may provide valuable information about the psychological problems seen in particular cultures and their development as a function of the particular demands that culture places on individuals. Third, the studies of culture-bound syndromes, which are interesting in and of themselves, may help illuminate more general patterns of cultural values such as individualism or collectivism,” said plebius (2005).
William Corsaro (1985) as cited in Brownlow (2012) built on this study choosing ethnography as his method of research. In order to identify similarities and differences between these two research methods we will look to compare and contrast the methods. We will also look at the aims of the psychologists whilst comparing and contrasting the methods they used and why they chose to conduct their studies using either of the methods. Lastly, we will look at the results obtained by using either ethnography or content analysis and any criticism’s that can be made of the studies. Friendship and determining what can be considered a friendship has previously been defined in a rather literal way; you are either a friend or a non-friend William Hartup as cited in Brownlow (2012).
In addition, the author will expand on the personal theoretical perspective of how she feels her knowledge will contribute to her psychological society. Influence of Diversity To completely understand human nature is to understand the psychological discipline, which evolved from the roots of philosophy. The complexity of this needed more than one specific perspective that later on led to various divisions of development within the discipline. There are 54 subdivisions in the psychological approach that are recognized through the America Psychological Association (APA) today (Cherry, 2012). Some subdivisions include other branches of perspectives of an individual’s behavior; such as environmental psychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, psychodynamic, and cognitive behavior influence the perceptions of human behavior.
the application of science to fulfill a need or address a problem * How are technology and science related? How are they different? related by helping scientists make discoveries, technology fulfills needs and addresses problems. technology is an application of science Nature of Science topic * Define each of the following terms: * hypothesis an educated guess * theory well supported, well accepted explanation for a broad range of observations * law well-supported description of the behavior of the natural world * fact a phenomena about which competent observers agree * What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law? law describes, theory explains * What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific hypothesis?