If this information is not rehearsed then it will decay and not be entered into long term memory. Long term memory can hold an unlimited capacity of information for infinite duration. However this model was the first of its kind and was the foundation for later models and it therefore had flaws to be improved upon. For example it doesn’t account for flash bold memory which is where something poignant happens which you will never forget and it seems to bypass the sensory and short term memory and go straight into long term. This is not explained in the model of Atkinson and Shiffrin.
A experiment was carried out by Glanzer and Cunitz. They did an experiment to find evidence for the existence of separate short term and long term memory stores. For this experiment participants were presented a list, one at a time they had to recall words in any order, they were divided into two groups for this. One group had to recall words in Immediate recall while the other group had to do it in delayed recall. The findings of the experiment showed that the immediate recall group remembered the first and last words best and the delayed group remembered the words from the beginning of the list best.
We made this inference due to our slope of each of the graphs. Given the mole ratios, the slope of our newer lab, comparing H2 to moles of Mg, should’ve been a slope of 1. But our first point skewed our results giving us an actual slop of 0.7, which was short from a more accurate result. And given our results last week, we concluded that our titration method was more accurate than our crystallization method due to the basically perfect slope of 2.0018 which is very close to the theoretical slope of 2. 5.
Also it may be possible that the information didn’t decay but displaced by the numbers that were being used to count down. We cannot be sure on Peterson & Peterson’s study as it does not give us clear evidence for decay and shows elements for supporting displacement theory. The second theory is displacement which explains that we forget because of a new set of information that physically overwrites the older set of information. This happens because the STM is limited
The four-month follow up consisted of only six from the experimental group and four from the controlled group. The researcher noted that the sample size varied throughout the research process. Although, the researcher did not distinguish between the scores of the participants you
So there are some confounding variables that can alter your ability to remember some words, rather than just rehearsal, or attention, as suggested in the multi-store memory model. Of course, this experiment lacks mundane realism, but tested many Participants, and produced quantative data, in controlled laboratory conditions, such can be considered to be
Murdock (1962) Murdock presented participants with a list of words at a rate of about one per second. After he showed them the words, the participants were required to recall as many of the words as they could. Murdock found that the words did not have an equal chance of being recalled and that some words, especially those that appeared first and those that came up last in the list, were better recalled than those in the middle. He called this serial position effect. The superior recall of items at the start of the list is called the primary effect, whilst the superior recall of the items at the end of the list is called the recency effect.
If no attention is paid to the received information, the information will be automatically forgotten, so attention is a very important stage in the process of memory as it will only process to the short-term memory in that way. Once the information has been received into the short-term memory, but will only remain there for a short period of time, as it has a brief duration suggested but Peterson and Peterson and minimal capacity of 7+/- 2, which was suggested by Miller. As the short-term memory has a limited capacity, if more information is taken in the older memories would be wiped out and forgotten. To prevent this happening maintenance rehearsal is needed and this is highlighted in the Peterson and Peterson study. To complete the process of remembering the information more maintenance rehearsal is needed lead the information into the long-term memory.
This typically entails time-based delivery of stimuli identified as maintaining aberrant behavior, which serves to decrease the rate of the target behavior. As no measured behavior is identified as being strengthened, there is controversy surrounding the use of the term noncontingent "reinforcement“.
The material that is used to temporarily remember these lists is called short-term memory or working memory. The working memory stores memory in an active or temporary stage and only holds information for a short time, and is forgotten or lost without rehearsal. There are two theories in relation to forgetting, interference theory and decay theory. Simply, interference occurs when the new information causes the forgetting the old information, and the decay causes us to forget because of the passing of time and the decay of a memory. There are two types of interference that are most remarkable in psychological theory and research, retroactive interference and proactive interference.