Sarah Khan Psychology – Mr. Barr Friday 21st September 2012 Essay Question: Outline and Evaluate the Multi-Store Model of Memory Cognitive Psychologists Atkinson and Shiffrin first proposed the Multi-Store Model (MSM) in 1968. It was the first computer-based model of memory, consequently becoming very influential in the field of cognitive psychology. The MSM consists of three separate stores that are interlinked; it is presented in a linear fashion with the Sensory Store linking to the Short Term Memory (STM). Information is then passed back and forth between the STM and the Long term Memory (LTM). The first component in MMS is the Sensory Store (SS) where the ‘External Stimulus’ (information) is received.
‘Outline and Evaluate the Multi-Store Model of Memory’ The multi-store model (MSM) is an information processing system, which holds features such as sensory memory, short-term memory and long term memory. This model of memory had been proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 and they envisaged memory as a flow of information through an information-processing system. The MSM is divided into a series of stages as the information asses from one story to another in a fixed sequence. At each stage there are three constraints in terms of capacity, duration and encoding. Atkinson and Shiffrin said that the information enters from the environment and it registers at the sensory memory before either decaying of passing on to short-term memory.
The last criticism is that the model is very linear. The model says that the only way information gets to your long term memory is like: sensory memory short term memory rehearsal loop long term memory but we know that a two way flow, rather than a one way flow, is more realistic. For
It is impossible, though, that the series of causes should extend back to infinity because every cause is dependent on a prior cause and the ultimate cause is thus dependent on a previous cause. So if there is no first cause, there will be no intermediate causes and no final cause. But the absence of such causes clearly does not square with our observation, and so there must therefore be a first efficient cause, which everyone
Outline and evaluate the multi-store model of memory (12 marks) Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) developed the multi-store model of memory to describe how the whole memory is structured. Incoming information enters a sensory memory for a brief period of time. A tiny fraction of it is then transmitted to the short term memory where it can be held and influenced. A little of that information is then transferred to the long term memory for more permanent storage. Sensory memory is the memory stores of all the info that your senses take in, it is held long enough for us to pay attention to it, if wanted, and then initially process it before it transfers to the short term memory.
The following will highlight two models of memory; the multi store model and the working memory model. The Multi store memory was developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), it explains how the storage flows from one storage system to another which is divided into 3 stages; Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory. Information coming from the external stimuli enters the sensory memory; it remains in here for a very short period of time. If information is perceived to be important it then moves on to the short term memory, if it isn’t it will decay. This information once in the short term memory will remain here for a few seconds unless it is rehearsed or displaced as new memories get received.
“Describe and evaluate research into the multi-store model of memory.” (4+8) The multi-store model of memory is the first invented explanation of how memory works in a human. This was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968. It has said that information in the model of a human memory involves a sequence where information enters a sensory memory for a short period, a little of that information is then passed onto short term memory where it can be held for a little longer period, this information can be processed into the long term memory by rehearsal or meaning for a more permanent storage. Information In the Sensory memory can be received through iconic, echoic or haptic stores. It lasts for around a second and then information is decayed or passed onto the STM.
Another benefit from not having a codified constitution is that it would be extremely difficult to change to a codified constitution. An uncodified constitution is written entirely in one single document, whereas the uncodified system being the complete opposite, with most sources of the constitution being in single documents and some sources like traditions and conventions would be hard to codify. The time, effort and money that would be put into the UK constitution becoming codified wouldn’t be worth it because it would take far too much effort in the current economic climate of recovery. Codifying constitutions and forming new constitutions is usually reserved for revolutions and major changes for a country. Therefore the constitution should remain uncodified because the vast amount effort and time wouldn’t be worth it.
Many of the studies that support the MSM use laboratory experiments which are known for their lack of ecological validity. Findings from the experiments tell us little about how memory works in real life situations. The case of KF showed that his STM for verbal material was poor but his STM for visual material was normal. This would suggest that the view of the STM being a single store is an oversimplification. Different types of LTM have been identified since the invention of the MSM.
It was throughout the course of many years that I learned that acquiring an answer to an issue doesn't necessarily solve. It was the matter of self maturity and the growth of the inner being that helped all my questions make sense. Those are the factors that played the biggest role in helping my personal odyssey move. Is there another universe?, I don't know. But not knowing the answer to that question doesn't change a thing.