Outline and evaluate one or more explanations for sleep disorders (24 marks) Insomnia can be defined as problems with sleep patterns and in particular difficulties falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Some people who have very little sleep suffer no ill consequences and so a diagnosis of insomnia is not based on the number of hours slept but when the resulting daytime fatigue causes severe distress of impairs work, social or personal functioning for more than one month. Insomnia may be either secondary or primary. Secondary insomnia is when insomnia is caused by a psychiatric or medical disorder and is therefore often a symptom instead of another disorder. Some physical and psychiatric causes of secondary insomnia include depression, anxiety disorders, heart disease or Parkinson’s disease.
Unit 4222-605 Recognise indications of substance misuse and refer individuals to specialists 1.1 Alcohol is misused when it is drunk excessively - the recommended limits for adults are 2-3 units a day for women, and 3-4 for men. It is a depressant which slows down the brain and can effect mood and lower inhibitions. Illegal substances are split into 4 categories: stimulants, depressants, opiates and hallucinogens. * Stimlulants produce extreme well-being, and can increase alertness, confidence and energy levels, examples include ecstasy, cocaine and speed. * Depressants slow down the central nervous system and can reduce anxiety or emotional distress., examples include cannabis and barbiturates.
EEG's from those under hypnosis show a boost in the lower frequency waves that are associated with dreaming or sleeping and a drop in the higher frequency waves that are seen in those who are fully awake. This would support the theory that the conscious mind goes on vacation during hypnosis and the subconscious mind takes over. The brain has two spheres or hemispheres of the cortex. During hypnosis it has been shown that subjects have a reduced activity level in the left hemisphere of he cerebral cortex while increasing activity in the right hemisphere. Neurologists (those who study the brain) believe that the left side is where the logical control center of the brain exists and the right side controls creativity.
Is methadone effective? Methadone is an opioid pain reliever – similar to the pain killer morphine. Taken orally once a day, as well as relieving pain methadone also suppresses narcotic drug withdrawal such as crack-cocaine and heroin for between 24 and 36 hours. Methadone reduces the cravings associated with heroin use and consequently blocks the high you receive from heroin, but it does not provide the euphoric rush. Ultimately, the patient remains physically dependent on the opioid methadone, but is freed from the uncontrolled, compulsive, and disruptive behaviour seen in heroin addicts.
Moreover, the effects will be cumulative, so a mild reduction in sleep per night can be after a period of time, result in significant functional deficits. There is increasing evidence that sleep deprivation has detrimental effects on the immune response, indicating that sleep should be considered a vital part of the immune system and that there is a mutual relationship between sleep and immunity. This relationship is important because over recent decades, there has been a decreasing in the mean duration and quality of sleep in the population. The concept that lack of sleep might be compromised immunity in the population has far-reaching public-health implications for both individuals and society.
So if you hear someone say they feel as if they're still drunk the next day, they probably are. (Alcohol Tune In) As drinking occurs, the heart pumps the alcohol into the body. It first enters the central nervous system. This is when people start to feel more social, and relaxed. This is because alcohol slows or stops the communication within the nerve cells in the brain, which is why people feel slowed down.
QUESTION 1 A) The medication is Mirtazapine 15mg at night & Duloxetine 30 mg dose Counseling points for Mirtazapine : 1- It may cause drowsiness and increase the effect or alcohol 2-Do not drive or operate machinery 3- Do not stop it abruptly 4-It will help you to sleep 5- It may increase appetite and weight gain. 6 -Avoid alcohol B) 1-MAO’s drug as it may provoke hypertension and angina ,and to avoid complication as elderly are sensitive to it (increases morbidity ) 2-TCAS as it may also worsen angina and increase cardiac abnormalities It causes postural hypotension, which can contribute to falls and fractures,and anticholinergic effect.. These last can include delirium, urinary retention, dry mouth, and constipation.
Their sleep was also restricted on the night before the laboratory day. Research found that there was not enough evidence to support that caffeine intake improved the way young adults felt or acted during the testing period, contrary to the world wide conception that caffeine is a effective stimulant. The testing was done 4 times and took about 2 hours to complete. Sleep is also a very important factor when it comes to performance and mood, whether or not caffeine is ingested. The Effects of Sleep and Caffeine on Performance and Mood The study was done to see if performance and mood could be affected in healthy young adults by their daily caffeine intake and sleeping habits.
Why does long flights sometimes cause us to feel increasingly tired? The answer lies within our circadian rhythm. The circadian sleep-waking rhythm is known as the internal body clock of humans and it is believed that there is a correlation between secretion of melatonin and the circadian rhythm. Melatonin is the hormone responsible for inducing sleep. Without melatonin, we would have severe insomnia and various negatives effects in behavior can be seen.
What people do not know about this, is how sleep loss can affect their daily activities. The following research will show the audience the stages of sleep, the importance of getting proper amount of sleep ours, how sleep play an important role in learning and memory, how sleep is connected to our endocrine system affecting our mood, how getting or not getting proper sleep impact our cardiovascular health, the great benefits of having proper sleep but also the consequences that our body can suffer if we do not take the amount necessary of sleep and how this consequences may affect our lives. Many people consider sleep as a time of tranquility when they set aside the tensions of the day and spend the night in uneventful slumber, but they do not know what is really happening