Question 1 Answers: The sum of all chemical reactions is referred as metabolism. This is divided into catabolism in which complex substances are broken down into simple ones, with the release of ATP, and anabolism in which simple substances are used to make complex ones, spending energy. This type of reaction is also known as a biosynthetic reaction. Part of the energy in both types of reactions is lost to the environment as heat, metabolic pathways are defined as the sequences of chemical reactions in the cell. All these reactions result from the action of specialized proteins known as enzymes.
Lactase Buffer solutions 4,7,9 Enzymes are organic catalysts that control the rate of chemical reactions in cells while not being permanently altered themselves. In general, enzymes speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start reactions. Lactase is an enzyme used by the body to hydrolyze lactose, a disaccharide unique to mammalian milk, into the monosaccharaides, glucose and galactose. Lactose has been shown to aid in the absorption of several minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and zinc. .
Metabolism GRT1 Task 4 Sara E Boyd WGU May 28, 2015 Enzymes are complex proteins that are used as a catalyst in a reaction. A catalyst is used to lower the activation energy needed to complete the reaction. It can be used to speed up the reaction. An enzyme must have a specific shape and have a activation site. Enzymes have specific characteristics.
pH > 7 is alkalinity environment that will bind hydrogen ion, and pH < 7 is acidic environment that will donate hydrogen ion. On the other hand, increasing hydrogen ion concentration will reduce the bound metal cation concentration. Decreasing hydrogen ion concentration will increase the hydroxyl ion concentration (M. Chaplin, 2004). Enzymes are one of the most efficient catalysts in biochemical reactions. They are used to speed up the reaction rates by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy, which is the minimum energy that requires for reactions occur.
ENZYME worksheet 1. Label the diagram [pic] a. substrate b. active site c. enzyme d. products 2. Answer true of false to the following statements: ___T____ Enzymes interact with specific substrates ___F____ Enzymes change shape after a reaction occurs ___T____ Enzymes speed up reactions. ___F____ One enzyme can be used for many different types of chemical reactions. ___T____ Enzyme reactions can be slowed or halted using inhibitors.
Discussion Enzymes are used to speed up biochemical reactions that occur within the body. They act as a catalyst for specific substances and therefore reduce activation energy. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up or altered, and therefore can be used repeatedly. Enzymes are also used to control cell metabolism by regulating the rate of biochemical reactions, this is because the amount of enzyme in a solution determines how fast a reaction can occur. An enzyme consists of complex chemicals that form precise, tertiary and quaternary protein structure consisting of long, linear chains of amino acids linked together with polypeptide bonds, which fold in such a way that they form a
Only the enzyme will fix the substrate because of the active sites on the enzyme. Once locked together, the enzyme can break down the substrate (Hudon-Miller, 2012c). An example of this is Sucrose. Sucrose is considered a regular table sugar. It is composed of two monosaccharaides: glucose and fructose.
There are many models of enzymes, such as the lock and key model, which explores the structure of the enzyme and its ability to bind with a substrate molecule which is specific and complementary. There is also the induced fit model which explored the ability of enzyme molecules to change shape slightly enabling it to fit and bind to substrate molecules which must be complementary and specific. The importance of enzyme and substrate molecules to fit together, is the formation of the products which may enable many vital reactions to occur within cells and organisms. Enzymes are in important in digestion and the replication of DNA. Within digestion lactose within milk is broken down by the enzyme lactase, without lactose having a complimentary specific shape to it lactase enzyme, some people are lactose intolerant.
MAINTAINING A BALANCE 1.1 Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism, describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their specificity on substrates. - Enzymes are a biological catalyst found in living things that helps control which chemical reactions are to take place. - Most enzymes are made of protein. [pic] 1.2 Identify the pH as a way of describing the acidity of a substance. - pH is a way of describing the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
Chelilim87 Lab Report Effects of Temperature PH and Cofactors on Enzyme Activity Introduction Enzymes are catalytic proteins they speed up chemical reactions without be changed up or altered permanently in the process. Various enzymes used for different methods, they act as catalyst by lowering the activation energy for the reaction. Enzymes have specific shapes in which they occur. Part of the conformation the active site of the enzyme, where the actual catalysis occurs in the cells. The specific molecule on which an enzyme functions is the substrate.