By 8 months of age, object of permanence begin to emerge because infants begin to develop memory for objects that are not perceived (Myers, 2013). 1c. Piaget further explains that after object permanence emerged, children at 8 months start to develop stranger anxiety where they would often cry in front of strangers and reach for someone who is familiar to them (Myers, 2013). Both object permanence and stranger anxiety emerge around the same time because children are able to remember and build schemas. While Piaget’s cognitive theory consists of four stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational) that children go through as they grow, McCrink and Wynn proposed a different theory of cognitive development.
3 – 7 Years At 3 years children begin to gain more independence. Their mobility and climbing skills will be advancing as they run, jump, catch, walk up and down stairs etc. Dexterity increases with small objects like puzzles, threading beads etc. Dressing and undressing will be assisted but more cooperative. They will be developing their gross and fine motor skills: Running, Jumping, Catching, throwing and aiming, building, climbing, pedalling, use of scissors, holding a pencil to draw and colour threading small beads sewing stitches etc.
Another example could be a language barrier between the child and their peers making the child feel isolated so all four types of development can affect the child when starting school. 2. Puberty Going through puberty can be very different for girls and boys. Girls experience body changes, periods, feelings, self-conscious, self-image and go through a big hormonal changes and boys experience body changes, facial hair, voice breaking, feelings, self-image and both have to deal with peer pressure .So puberty can affect social and emotional and physical development. 3.
Physical development is usually very rapid early on in the child’s development. Within weeks of being born a baby will start to smile and respond to sounds and environments around them. By 6 months as their muscles begin to develop they will reach for and hold objects which they will also put into their mouths. By one year old they are beginning to crawl or shuffle, pulling or pushing on furniture to stand and then cruise using furniture or adult for support. Sitting has progressed to unaided and they are rolling from their front to their back.
0 to 3 years is a period of fast physical development. When born babies have very little control over their bodies. They have primitive reflexes such as sucking, grasping and rooting. Their head control is unsteady, but they will grasp at objects when they touch the palms of their hands. As they progress up to 12 months they will learn to watch movements of their own hands, they will be able to roll over, sit with support, sit without support, reach out for toys when sitting, and crawl or shuffle along the floor.
Unit 331 understand child and young person development. 1.1 Sequence and rate of development is all dependant on the individual child/young person, their physical, communication, intellectual and social development is crucial to understand in order to help them. 0 to 3 years old babies are new to this atmosphere they use small muscle movements such as reflexes, sucking, smiling and raising their hands. By 5 months they begin to roll over and shuffle, at 8 months they pull and push on toys/furniture/anything and everything to stand and then glide using the same method of transport. At this stage they are now becoming more curious and want to play with toys, teeth are beginning to sprout and they are now eating solids.
At an early stage of life young children lack object permanence, which is the awareness things continue to exist when not perceived. According to Piaget, infants don’t develop this until they are 6 months old because their minds are too fragile. As they mature, they gain develop this because little by little they learn and eventually build schemas or memories. 1c.They also develop stranger anxiety around the same age, 8 months, as they develop object permanence. Stranger anxiety is the fear of strangers that infants display.
They become more demanding and assertive and can express rage at being told ‘no’, they have no idea of sharing and a strong sense of ‘mine’. 3 – 7 years A child is learning to be separated from a parent or carer for short periods of time i.e. : nursery or playgroup which then gives them more social awareness. Some will play in groups of two or three and will be able to share ideas. Most children between this age group may have close friends and will still play with both genders.
1.1a Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years to include physical development: Physical development of children and young people can be often assumed that it will come automatically as they grow and mature. Some children grow and mature at different paste and this sometimes may cause some to behave differently. 0-3years This is a rapid development period where they have very little control of their movements. This is hinge on series of reflex which is needed to survive. In the first year they steadily starting to more control over their body such as rolling and crawling.
1-2 years: Children will begin walking and toys will start to be pushed/pulled along whilst walking (often to support with walking) Objects will be picked up and banged together or built to make a small tower. A preference for one hand may start to appear as they begin to hold tools such as paintbrushes.They enjoy trying to feed themselves both with finger foods and with cutlery, and will drink from a cup using both hands. 2-3 years: Holding tools to mark make will become easier, a child is able to kick and throw (e.g a ball) and an understanding of toileting will be apparent. 3-4 years: Children will be able to use the toilet with no more use of nappies during the day time, dressing/undressing will be easier and use of muscles will be shown through climbing,catching,jumping,skipping etc. Children will begin to draw pictures of family, friends and everyday situations (Usually people being represented by circles or lines) 5-6 years: Children will be able to draw numbers letters and practice writing their name.