Limonene, the chief component of orange oil, is widely used as a fragrance and flavoring, as well as a cleaning solvent. Limonene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon, is a cyclic monoterpene, a class of natural products biosynthesized by the assembly of isoprene units into various structures. Many terpenes are responsible for the odors of plants like eucalyptus, pine, mint, lavender, rose, and others. Organic chemists use terpenes and other natural products as chiral starting materials for complex chemical syntheses or as inspirations for pharmaceuticals. Some natural products are attractive synthetic targets because of interesting or unusual structural features or medicinal applications.
However, the alcohol remains fairly constant in the form of glycerol or in other words propane -1,2,3- triol. This form of alcohol contains a hydroxyl allowing longer chains to form of carbon. 7. A common commercial use for esters is in the perfume industry where a synthetic scent is created within labs through the process of esterfication. For example, Benzyl Acetate is one form of an ester that can be used as to create a perfume
Rf = Ds/Df Ds = Distance traveled by the compound Df = Distance traveled by the solvent Materials: coffee filter, tape, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), water, 3 different color magic markers (not permanent); 3 identical tall, narrow drinking glasses; metric ruler, 3 pencils Pre-lab Questions: List one extensive and one intensive property of marker ink. Intensive - color Extensive - volume Define mixture. a substance made by mixing other substances together. Is tap water a heterogeneous or homogenous mixture? Explain your answer.
Sucrose is used to sweeten foods, and provide short term energy. In sodas such as the orange soda and clear soda used during this lab, the sugar is used to sweeten the drink. Density can be used in order to find the sugar concentration in a particular solution. Density is known as the amount of mass that will fit into a certain volume. For this lab, the density of water will be 1 gram/cubic centimeter.
Explain the effect that the flow tube radius change had on flow rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction? The increase of flow tube radius increased the flow rate, as predicted. 3. Describe the effect that radius changes have on the laminar flow of a fluid.
The first was done by setting up a Reflux apparatus in order to heat the reaction mixture which contained 2.5mL of isopentyl alcohol, 3.5mL of glacial acetic acid, and 0.5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid(catalyst). The mixture was left to boil for 60 minutes(1hr) with a boiling stone inside the heating vial for mixing. After completion of the heating process, the vial with the product was left to cool to room temperature. The next step was to extract the organic layer of the product. First, the product was transferred from the heating vial to a centrifuge tube
It displays the peak area on the Y axis and the concentration on the X axis. 9 Conclusion: The main purpose of this lab was to find the main ingredients in an Excedrin tablet as well as how much of each ingredient is in the tablet. Two different techniques were used to help develop the ingredients. The two techniques used were extraction and HPLC. It was concluded that Excedrin tablets consist of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine.
Discussion & Conclusion In this experiment we learned how to synthesize the cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol. We procedure the first step where we have to mix the components. Then we heat the R.B.F with a fractionating column, distilled water. Then we obtained the layers, and we transferred the organic layer to a small, dry Erlenmeyer flask. We added anhydrous Sodium Sulfate as a drying agent.
TEA EXTRACTION Esthephanie Peralta October, 7 CHEM 2583-04 The purpose of this lab is to extract caffeine from a tea bag. Structures Compounds used for the experiment Reference The Merck Index Online structures from Chemsketch Caffeine Calcium Chloride CaCl2 CCl2H2 M.P. 230C Sodium Carbonate Dichloromethane CNa2O3 C8H10N4O2 Data Table 1.1 |Density | Weighs (g) | |Side arm flask (empty) + nipples |38.206g | |Side arm flask + residue |38.230g | |Clean finger |10.218g | |Finger + product |10.219g | Table 1.2 | |Caffeine Content (Mg ) | |Tea, black fermented |40-75 mg | |Tea recovered |24.0 mg | Experimental Procedure 1. In a 50ml beaker add 2g of Sodium Carbonate and add 15ml of H2O. Grab second beaker and add 10 ml of water.
It is because these drinks contain caffeine. Caffeine is a drug that is naturally produced in leaves, seeds and fruits of about 63 different plants, and is well known as a stimulant. That's why people drink it, right? Caffeine is in tea, coffee, chocolate, many soft drinks, pain relievers and even gums. GOOD DAY PEOPLE MY NAME IS LATOYA MCCORMACK AND Today I'd like to give you some of the facts about caffeine and its effects on your body.