Outline and evaluate one or more social psychological theories of aggression? The social learning theory suggests that children learn aggressive behaviour from other significant individuals acting aggressively. A way in which children learn is called vicarious reinforcement and it’s when someone is rewarded for being aggressive. As a result they also act aggressively when reward follows however they will also learn not to act aggressively when punishment will be a consequence of their actions. In order for social learning to take place, the child must form a metal representation of the behaviour he/she observed.
How can criminal behaviour be learnt from others? (10) Our surrounding environment and those around us have always been key influences on how we behave. Seeing other behave in the ways they do forces us to learn this behaviour and then maybe even imitate it ourselves. This can be the case for all behaviours, even criminal behaviour. Bandura’s experiment on children being exposed to aggressive behaviour and therefore imitating this behaviour is somehow evidence to show that on some occasions, behaviour can be learnt.
If the child is punished the correct way, it will not cause the child to turn to violence. Spanking is a very effective tool when used properly. There are specific ways in which to spank children. First of all, the parent should establish boundaries. When the child breaks these boundaries, he or she should be punished.
Kohlberg was concerned more with reasoning for each participant’s decision rather than their answer (Cherrie, 2012). Kohlberg’s research resulted in the following levels and stages of moral development; Level 1. Preconventional Morality • Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment The earliest stage of moral development is especially common in young children, but adults are also capable of expressing this type of reasoning. At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.
Scenario 2 ‘Sometimes inappropriate behaviour can be acquired through behavioural condition’. Discuss how a child’s tantrums might be learnt through operant conditioning. What other behaviours can be modified through operant conditioning and how? How could operant principles be used to bring about more appropriate behaviour? Discuss principles of reinforcement and punishment in your response.
This is to let people know that the punishment always far outweighs thecrime. For example, one method is to embarrass a young person because they committed acrime, or to tell them that eventual embarrassment is part of the punishment before theyeven commit the crime. I think that general deterrence is the most effective way to handle young people andcrime. This tells the young person know, well before they commit a crime, that they will be caught and punished, which prevents them from committing the crime at all. The other methods handle individual problems.
Expressing their emotions and talking about them can help children to understand acceptable social behaviour. Not being able to this can lead to temper tantrums or other challenging behaviour. •Behaviour- Language can be used to set limits and boundaries for children behaviour. Children model their own behaviour on others and if adults can effectively communicate and exchange age or developmental appropriate information with children this can encourage them to behave in acceptable ways. Frustration at their own inability to communicate effectively can lead to behavioural problems.
Challenging behavior can be lots, hitting, kicking, spitting, and pulling hair or anything that is aggressive, confrontational and also children that don't want to take part where a teacher thinks they should. Mitigate means to make less severe, serious or painful, spreading out the challenging behavior so staff can deal with what's going on. Reinforcing positive behavior is following B.F. Skinner’s theories of positive enforcement. This works as children respond more to positive enforcement than to punishment. Children need not be given a reward each time so making the child strive for a reward but with this approach there needs to be a threat of punishment to keep the child from reverting to their old
Attachment Theory and Child Abuse Alan Challoner MA (Phil) MChS Abstract Child abuse is seen to follow a general pattern and it is the intrusion of fear into what might otherwise be good enough care-giving that is necessary for the development of a disorganised or disoriented attachment. Research has shown that in the case of the rejected infant only one signal is required to throw the child into conflict. Withdrawal tendencies occur as a result of main carer’s threat. This paper seeks to find some reasons for the perpetuation of abuse through the generations, and draws attention to the potential remedies. ______________ In recent years research has shown that the revealed characteristics of abusing parents and abused children
'Questioning enables teachers to check learners' understanding. It also benefits learners as it encourages enitgagement and focuses their thinking on key concepts and ideas.' (Kyriacou 1995 in Desforges 1995, pg. 126) I am of the opinion that the idea children should work in mixed ability groups is not always a viable option. I feel it is important to take into account the personalities of the children, as learning may be inhibited if one child is particularly domineering or intimidating.