Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has established a major precedence on which human interactions can follow so as to make sure that they achieve productive as well as agreeable outcome. The main essence is to actually prepare people for shared existence with themselves and those who are around. The essence of humanistic psychology is usually similar to cognitive psychology as it does acknowledge behavior more than just a stimulus that is determined and hence recognizes perception as the actual essence of actions and behavior. His hierarchy of needs does represent how exactly growth should influence formation of personality. He developed his personality theory in relation to the needs of people.
Stating that the client was the expert and recognising that their condition improved when the counselling relationship was conducted on an even keel. This was in contrast to the predominantly psychodynamic approach generally used at that time. Rogers believed that all people were good and want to be the best that they can be, he stated that ‘each person is motivated by an actualising tendency, a force that drives a person (sic) to reach their maximum potential, physically, spiritually and emotionally. ‘ "Www.goodtherapy.org/person_centered." CounsellingResourcecom Library With the client as the expert and under the right conditions Rogers believed that they would discover solutions to their own problems.
Maslow called this the Hierarchy of Needs’. Maslow argued we all have needs, which he illustrates in a pyramid format, and you could not move on to the higher level without the lower levels being satisfied. The lower level of the pyramid is called the physiological needs. This is the biological needs such as food, shelter, water, oxygen etc. these are the needs that come first, the basic survival needs.
| COMPARE AND CONTRAST HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN NATURE. | BSc (Hons) Counselling & Therapeutic Studies | WORD COUNT: 3000 2/1/2012 | COMPARE AND CONTRAST HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR CONTRBUTION TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN NATURE. ‘…the key words for Humanistic therapy are acceptance and growth; the major themes of Existential therapy are client responsibility and freedom’ (CSAT, 1999, ch.6) Introduction Humanistic psychology associated with theorists such as Abraham Maslow, Fritz Perls, Carl Rogers and Sidney Jourard and Existential psychology associated with theorist such as Rollo May, Victor Frankl, Irvin Yalom and Emmy van Deurzen-Smith, share certain concepts that utilise a range of approaches which establish conceptualisation, therapeutic goals and intervention strategies (CSAT, 1999). These psychologies defining similarity is that they both place emphasis on life meaning, objective reality and human potential (Cozon, 2008) and incorporate methods to understanding human experiences. The aim of either Humanistic or Existential approaches is to facilitate the development of a person’s self-awareness and self-understanding.
Freud believed that past experience (from childhood) shapes adult personality and behaviour is influenced by unconscious mental processes. The therapist facilitates exploration of the past and via a number of skilled interventions and interpretations helps makes unconscious material conscious. The Humanistic school of thought whose major contributor was Carl Rogers (1902-1987), through the development of his ‘Client-Centered Therapy’, adopted a more positive view of human nature insisting that behaviour is a personal choice (free will) and driven by the “...actualizing tendency, that force which moves us in the direction of well-being and the fulfilment of our potential” (Tolan, 2010, p. 110). He believed that humans possess an innate capacity for growth, can take responsibility for their actions and demonstrated the importance of six therapeutic conditions which help to foster the client’s natural ability towards improvement. This approach places
“The Third Force” in psychology; the humanistic perspective focuses on those aspects of personality that make people who they are. It is what makes one person unique form another, personal opinion, and freedom of choice. Rogers believed that human beings are always striving to fulfill their innate capacities and capabilities and to become everything that their genetic potential will allow them to become. In other words we are born, live, and exist to be the best as we can. Self-actualizing tendency is what he called this “striving for fulfillment.” These tendencies can be help by first realizing the self-concept, or an image of oneself.
Corporeal, ethical, socio-emotional verbal and reasoning each of these issues makes up the creation of the individual character. Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Classifying personality can proposal several senses, this can clarify, and describes a person’s character. First imitations can recognize a person by his or her character telling the person as delightful, conceited, controlling, or regulatory. People have numerous flanks of what makes him or her sole, what that incomes are other issues make up a person’s character. Another way of watching an individual character is by social designs a person may show, from child growth.
Humanistic therapies focus on self-development, growth and responsibilities. They seek to help individuals recognise their strengths, creativity and choice in the 'here and now'. Existential therapy Existential therapy focuses on exploring the meaning of certain issues through a philosophical perspective, instead of a technique-based approach. Gestalt therapy Gestalt therapy can be roughly translated to 'whole' and focuses on the whole of an individual's experience, including their thoughts, feelings and actions. Gaining self-awareness in the 'here and now' is a key aspect of gestalt therapy.
For the purpose of this essay I will be focusing on Carl Rogers views on Person Centred Therapy (PCT). Carl Rogers (1980) believed that “Individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self-directed behavior; these resources can be tapped if a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided” (p. 115). Rogers (as cited by Joseph, 2003) believed that people need positive regard from our social environment and given this we can develop our self-actualising abilities effectively. This leads us to interpret life accurately, be realistic in our perceptions and trust our own inner being. (Joseph, 2003 p.304) PCT is client directed and doesn’t focus on problems or solutions.
A person’s personality can be influenced by other individuals who alter their self esteem negatively and place conditions of worth on the individual. The humanistic theory first came about in the early twentieth century; it was encouraged by the psychoanalytic tradition and the learning theories of personality. Two of the main theorists were Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers who were both educated in the psychoanalytic area however the researchers developed a new approach. Their approach was influenced by philosophical background. Humanistic theories focus on positive