This essay will also look at the role of women and homosexuality and discuss whether Freud’s views where based on a cultural prejudice when he devised the psychosexual theory. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development was devised in the late 19th century and was tested and researched on middle class, Viennese women. Freud believed that in order to understand a client’s presenting issue then we would need to look into their childhood to establish why the client was suffering neuroses. Freud believed that it was possible to link the psychosexual stages of development with adult neuroses.
Carl Jung therapy for personality that gives an important role to the unconscious which he goes beyond of scientific fact his theory is based upon the mystic world. This is the opposite cognitive behavior theory is based upon the theory of organizing oneself. CBT development started to developed with the behavioral the individual during the year’s 1920 Cognitive Behavior therapy (CBT) have multiple selection the most common one are cognitive therapy, Rational Behavior, multimodal behavior and Behavior therapy. Jung considers that the most motivating personality developments occurred during adulthood. Meichenbaum’s (1977) had state within the learning theory outline clients cognition are clear and understandable behaviors that can be modified in their own rights.
Theory and techniques will be applied through the window of the case study of John, in an effort to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model in strengthening an individual’s internal sense of control, thereby changing behaviour. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is based around the notion of thoughts leading to how an individual feels and acts, discounting the external environment into a much less important role. A two-way relationship exists between thinking and behaviour, in that thinking can influence behaviour and behaviour can, in turn, influence thinking. The predominant assumption in CBT is that maladaptive behaviours arise not from a stimulus itself, but from the individual’s evaluation or thoughts and feelings about that stimulus. CBT uses a collaborative relationship between client and therapist in a goal oriented, systematic approach with both parties working together to achieve a solution, based on the
Describe and evaluate the humanistic approach in psychology The humanistic approach contrasts all the other approaches for one simple reason; this is that the humanistic approach believes that we have free will, this is because we are able to make conscious decisions for our self and chose our own path in life, and for example, the behaviourist approach is deterministic, as the environment determines our behaviour. Rogers stated that certain environments are needed in order for a child to achieve their full potential as an adult. Rogers said we need a condition consisting of positive regard. This means knowing that somebody loves you no matter what you do. He said we all need conditional positive regard from our parents, and if we did not receive this is can lead to psychological problems in our future.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a way to monitor any behaviors that may eventually lead the adolescent to commit suicide. In cognitive behavioral therapy, the person is made aware of how his or her actions towards certain thoughts and feelings can lead to unhealthy moods. It focuses on fixing the person’s thoughts and feelings in order to help treat depression. According to editors and writers for the periodical Drug Week, “[c]ognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy, was found to be effective if combined with fluoxetine use” (2005). A study was conducted by Dr. Graham Emslie, a professor at UT Southwestern, within the last decade that included 334 teenagers, all of whom suffered from major depression.
Freud’s work is considered important because he showed that childhood experiences and relationships significantly influence the development of personality in later life, (Beaver et al 2002). Freud’s theory was psychoanalysis and he believed that the personality comprised of three parts the Id, the Ego and the Superego. Freud developed a stage theory; these stages are called psychosexual and are linked to the physical pleasures associated with each stage. Freud argued that psychological health as an adult depended on how each of these stages is dealt with, and whether or not optimum gratification is gained from each stage. Freud believed that unsuccessful completion of any of these stages leads to a child becoming fixated
Carl Rogers states ‘ The organism has one basic tendency and striving- to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism’ (Rogers, 1951, p487). But for a person to be able to grow and self- actualise they need to be in an environment that provides them with congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy. The Psychodynamic Theory works with feelings that are in the unconscious mind, the subconscious and it is about going back into the clients past and understanding the causes of their beliefs, ways they then behave, thoughts and feelings. People throughout their lives may build up shields to mask these painful feelings, but they still will affect the way the person is as they are often hard to face. These shields are demonstrated in behaviour.
i.e. The forces that drive it and make us act the way we do. This method has made important contributions to counseling as a whole as a lot of therapists and counsellors, even if they follow different psychological theories, have been influenced by it. This approach has emerged from psychoanalysis whose founder is Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud assumed that our behavior is caused by unconscious thoughts, our desires and impulses which is also how human behaviour is explained in the psychodynamic approach.
Each theory correlates to a specific method of assessment. One theory is the psychodynamic theory. With this theory, the roots of your personality are your unconscious thoughts, feelings, repressed problems from early childhood, and motives. The methods to assess the psychodynamic theory you would use projective tests as well as personal interviews. The next theory is the humanistic theory which is a drive towards personal growth.
Shared premise: Early life experiences manifest in adult behavior, attitudes & feelings; Examining thoughts, feelings & dreams, unconscious memories brought to the fore; The helper is the expert, interprets meanings of hidden unconscious issues; Insight into & consciousness of past experiences produce change and cure the person; People have need for closeness & attachment - motivates the relationship; Closeness & attachment attractive, also creates fears of dependency & lack of autonomy; Childhood experiences determine ability to function in intimate relationships, fulfill unmet