They both studied different ideas, and preached different views about how our mind functioned. While Maslow focused on the humanistic aspect of our personality, Jung focused on the psychoanalytic aspect. However, they were both inspired by two great people. Carl Jung was deeply influenced by Sigmund Freud who happens to be the father of psychoanalysis. Though he dismissed Freudian theory that stated that human personality was defined by their sexual drive and desires, he established that we have 2 states of unconscious.
Yet, if we observe that pleasure is good, we should be able to ask is good pleasure. However if an individual gains pleasure through inflicting harm can we conclude that good and pleasure are one and the same thing? In short ethical naturalism is unable to define good, yet continues to claim that ethical language is based on objective truth. Non Cognitive approaches to meta ethics such as emotivism and prescriptivism argue that ethical language is subjective. A. J. Ayer claims that ethical language
He believed in single "drive" or motivating force behind our behavior, claiming that the desire we have to fulfill our potentials becomes closer and closer to our ideals. He felt each person was unique and no previous theory applied to all people. Adler's theory included these four aspects: the development of personality, striving towards superiority, psychological health, and the unity of personality. Alfred came up with the term inferiority complex. He described this as feelings of lack of worth.
Since every ethical system should evaluate itself as the best and only moral system, and every other system is flawed and immoral, it is assumed that moral judgements about ethical systems are meaningless. Moral Relativism rests on the belief that values are subjective. It is holds the belief that there is no objective morality, that there is no such thing as right or wrong, good or evil. Only that, moral systems are just made up and supported by the circumstances of the action. Moral Relativism cannot and does not accept the idea that an objective moral system exists.
The paper will show both positive and negative results that relate to the author's own insights and individualization. This paper will also discuss the criticisms of this theory and the individuals need for self-actualization. Along with this discussion will be a brief description of two of the influential founders of this theory. Humanistic theory is a theory of its own caliber and has raised the standard in psychoanalysis and behaviorism while focusing more realistically on human behavior. Humanistic psychology is young compared to the age of other approaches and theories, but very different in the basis that the approach focuses on individual control and free will or choices and steers away from the ideas that all human behavior is based around pleasure.
Journal 1: Personality Theory A personality theory is a theory is an attempt to describe and explain how people are similar, how they are different, and why every individual is unique. (p.445) There are many personality theories but for the most part they are grouped into four basic perspectives: The Psychoanalytic Perspective: Freud’s theory of personality, which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development. (p.445) Humanistic Perspective: theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self-actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development. (p.459) Social Cognitive Perspective: Albert Bandura’s theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism. (p.463) Trait Personality: trait theories of personality focus on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions.
Ellis, whose work was influenced by Alfred Adler & behaviourists John Dollard & Joseph Wolpe, began developing what is now known as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). His model was based on the philosophy that our perception of what is happening, affects us more greatly than the actual events themselves. Psychiatrist Aaron Beck also began looking at how our behaviour is determined by attitudes & assumptions derived from previous experiences & how these could be a block to behavioural therapy on its own. He began to develop his own model using techniques that amalgamated both behavioural & cognitive therapy, which he called Cognitive Therapy. This model has evolved into what we now recognise as CBT.
What are some psychological perspectives that explain human behavior? Some psychological perspectives that researchers have found are behavioral perspective, humanistic perspective, psychodynamic perspective, cognitive perspective and neuroscience perspective. Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviors. Behaviorism differed from many other perspectives because instead of emphasizing internal state, it focused solely on observable behaviors. Humanistic perspective suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow and develop, and to control their lives and behavior.
Abstract The field of psychology came from several disciplines and many countries. Psychology began as a “science of mental life.” In the 1920’s under the influence of the behaviorists, it evolved into the “scientific study of observable behavior.” After the cognitive revolution in the 1960’s, psychology has been widely defined as the “science of behavior and mental processes.” (Myers, p. 1-2, 2011). Psychology is the science that seeks to answer all kinds of questions such as how and why we think, feel, and act as we do. There are some significant pioneers of psychology that set out to answer just that. This paper is a brief description of the important figures in the history of psychology and the three major levels of analysis in psychology.
However, what I have learnt in the first lesson is that psychology is a kind of science. Psychology contains critical and scientific thinking, or, in the other words, it is based on evidence. Ironically, according to Freud’s awareness level, which has changed the age of western about the thinking of psychosis was a crime to an illness, there are no evidence can support his view in relation to the human that are id, ego and superego. The main character of psychoanalysis is consciousness. According to Freud, there are three ideas in relation to the human that are id, ego and superego.