Explain the term ‘globalisation’ and the role that multinational companies play in the development of globalisation. Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. Globalisation has increased the production of goods and services and has therefore lead to increased trade between countries. This trade encourages countries to work together and removes trade barriers such as quotas and tariffs. This increased openess allows countries to specialise in producing goods which they have a comparitve advantage in (this means they can produce goods at lower unit costs) A multinational Company is a corporation that has its facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country.
Monetary policy is the use of interest rates to manipulate the level of aggregate demand in the economy and loose (expansionary) monetary policy is a reduction in the interest rates. This will result in an injection of extra consumption because it is cheaper to borrow money on credit cards and therefore allowing consumers to spend more which will cause an increase in aggregate demand (AD). Additionally, extra consumption will allow shops to gain more profit preventing “business failures.” Furthermore, mortgages will be cheaper and therefore consumers feel richer and there will an extra injection of consumption. AD will also increase due to an increase in investment, causing an increase in aggregate demand from AD1 to AD2 as shown below. However,
If the interest rate is low, it will cause more funds to be available, greater expansion and increased employment. If the interest rate is high, it will cause fewer funds to be available, less expansion, and decreased employment. Fiscal policy is an important tool for managing the economy because of its ability to affect the total amount of output produced or the gross domestic product. The first impact of a fiscal expansion is to raise the demand for goods and services. This greater demand leads to increases in both output and prices.
This means that a strong real may lead to a worsening of the balance of trade – much depends on the value of price elasticity of demand for imports and exports. The impact of appreciation depends on the economy. As Brazil was not in a recession during the appreciation of the real, then the aggregate demand increased and helped reduce inflationary pressures and limit the growth rate. However, an appreciation of the real could also reduce inflation. This makes Brazil’s goods more competitive, leading to stronger exports in the long term, which could improve the current account.
The major task is to manage the money supply according to the needs of the economy. This involves making an amount of money available that is consistent with high and rising levels of output, employment and relatively constant price levels. Money supply has a direct relation with inflation, as money supply is increased the inflation rate goes up. When more money is in the market, the value of the money will remain the same but the goods and services in the market will increase. As situations happen around the world the internal economy is being affected, the price of oil increases and more money in the market should be created, but this will affect the inflation, as more money is in the market, the GDP keep growing and the unemployment is decreasing.
The reason being as more of a certain good is consumed, it will begin to provide less utility to the consumer. This means that and extra $1 income would be of more worth to a low income earner than to a high income earner. This suggests that a more equal distribution of income will be beneficial to the total utility. Unfortunately, it is extremely to gain an accurate assessment of relative
This is because as price falls consumers can afford more goods as their real incomes increase and they feel richer. Real income is the bundle of goods and services that an individual can purchase. As we move from A1 to A2 utility increases from U1 to U2 because we move to a higher indifference curve so now the individual can now consume a better bundle of goods. This backs up the non satiation assumption of consumption which states more is better thus when we increase consumption total utility increase. The four axioms of consumption: Transitivity, Non-satiation, Marginal rate of substitution in consumption and Completeness must be met in order to be able to draw
Lower reserve requirements will result in more funds being available to loan out. This should, in turn, increase the rate of economic growth. Conversely, a higher reserve requirement will reduce the availability of funds and should slow economic growth. In this case, we need to increase our rate of economic growth in response to the recession, so I choose to lower the reserve requirement. The reason I would make this choice is to stimulate lending to businesses, reduce unemployment and increase household income so that the economy could then recover naturally.
When companies can produce more due to demand they are able to hire more workers, which can lower the unemployment rate. Lowering the unemployment rate will provide more income tax revenue to the government and fewer citizens taking unemployment benefits. Conversely, when exports decrease consumers pay less money for products causing domestic profits to decline and companies are unable to maintain or increase their workforce causing the unemployment rate to
When there is a greater disposable personal income this will allow consumption to increase due to the money saved from the lower tax rate. Through consumption increasing this will favour economic because the gross domestic product has increased. When government expenditures are increased it will have a multiplier effect on aggregate demand. Because of the multiplier effect, the government can increase spending by only a small amount to achieve a larger, necessary increase in aggregate demand. By doing so, the economy will be able to attain an equilibrium level of real