Sustainable Resource Management - Science and Technology - Assessment 1

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PART A 1. Composting and anaerobic digestion may be used to treat organic waste (biowaste) flows. Describe the processes of composting and anaerobic digestion, highlighting the underlying science in each case. Good process management is important to both technologies – why? Since the 1990’s, there has been considerable interest in anaerobic digestion and composting as sustainable waste management techniques. Debate the advantages and disadvantages of both. Composting and anaerobic digestion result in products; what are the potential uses, benefits and possible negative impacts of these materials upon the wider community and environment? (600 words) Part A - 1 & 2 integrated response Composting The composting method is a natural aerobic microbial process which consists of the degradation of organic waste. This process requires the correct mixture of carbon and nitrogen (30 parts carbon to 1 part nitrogen) feedstocks to enable the decomposition to occur. The feedstocks also require the appropriate moisture content (40 to 60%). There are two main methods of composting, the chosen method is dependent on upon the type of feedstock. The two methods of composting are open windrow and in vessel. If the feedstocks only contain garden waste then this can be composted using the open windrow method. If the feedstock contains food/catering waste or animal by-products then this requires in vessel composting. Open Windrow Composting The open windrow method entails the materials being checked for any contamination and then macerated to increase the surface area. The macerated materials are then spread into windrows. The breakdown then starts to occur. During this period the temperatures will increase to mesophilic temperature (between 45°C and 60°C) allowing the mesophile organisms to grow and decompose the materials. After the succession of these microbes, the

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