Describe in detail the transportation of an oxygen molecule found in air as it enters the human body and is exchanged for carbon dioxide. Describe how carbon dioxide leaves the cells and finally exits the body. Air enters the body through the mouth or nose and enters the pharynx, to the larynx and eventually the trachea. From the trachea it enters the lungs, which branches to a left and right bronchus, then divide into smaller branches called bronchiole. Bronchiole’s have small air sac called alveoli attached to them, which inflate during inhalation and deflate during exhalation.
External respiration which is also known as breathing refers to the inhalation of oxygen from the air into the lungs and expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs to the air. External respiration is a physical process during which oxygen is taken up by capillaries of lung alveoli and carbon dioxide is released from blood. Respiration occurs through our mouth, nose, trachea, lungs and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes through the larynx, and the trachea.
The right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle. Then the right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk, through the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs. In the lungs the blood picks up oxygen that we breathe in and gets rid of carbon dioxide, which we breathe out. The blood is becomes rich in oxygen which the body can use. From the lungs, blood drains into the left atrium and is then pumped into the left ventricle.
Module 05 Written Assignment - Respiration and Urinary Systems Johnetta Farmah 09/13/2013 1. Atmospheric air takes a specific pathway from the external environment to our internal lungs. Describe this pathway starting with external nares to the alveoli. What role does the trachea and surfactant play within the respiratory system? Air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils (external nares) where the air is being filtrated, warmed, and humidified.
The lungs add oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide. Then the left side is responsible for accepting blood from the lungs and pumping it back out into the body. Think of it like a cycle where blood flows like this: From the body into the top right chamber (right atrium) -- down into the bottom right chamber (right ventricle) -- out to the lungs -- back to the top left chamber (left atrium) -- down to the bottom left chamber (left ventricle) -- then out to the body. The heart is innervated by the autonomic nervous system, but it also has its own system to generate electrical impulses that stimulate cardiac muscle to contract. These electrical impulses can be recorded in an ECG (electrocardiogram) and used to detect problems with the heart.
Urinary System Introduction The urinary system maintains the composition and properties of the body fluid that establishes the internal environment of the body cells. Its functions are accomplished through a formation of urine from the kidneys. Just as the digestive system, the respiratory system, and the integumentary system, the urinary system is also a system designed for secretion of fluid. In light of this responsibility and design, these systems are commonly known as excretory systems as well. The very core of cellular metabolism is based on the principle of the body’s ability to turn air and nutrients into energy, whether from the oxygen brought in by the respiratory system or the nutrients brought in by the digestive system, the cells utilize this energy for sustaining life.
BIOS 255 WEEK 5 Lab 5 - Lymphatic System & Disease Resistance 1. Describe lymphatic system functions. The three major functions of the lymphatic system are: 1) It drains excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the blood. 2) It transports lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. 3) It carries out immune responses directed against particular microbes or abnormal cells.
Cells can also store the molecules for other use. The purpose of the respiratory system takes in oxygen and moves that oxygen into the blood by allowing it to move across the lungs into the blood vessels. The circulatory system then carries oxygen to all the cells in the body and picks up carbon dioxide waste, which it returns to the lungs. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs, and you exhale it into the atmosphere. The respiratory system and the Digestive System are interrelated because the body cells depend upon products of both the respiratory and digestive systems functions in order to maintain themselves.
The breathing cycle is broken down into four phases: initiation, inspiration, the switch from inspiration to expiration, and expiration. A MV helps manipulate the breathing cycle through triggers to help a patient breath. The triggers control time, flow, pressure, and volume which can be controlled by the machine itself, patient, or manual triggering. In life-long treatments, a breathing tube is placed in the larynx (voice box) or trachea (windpipe). The breathing tube provides an airway so the ventilator is able to use triggers to control the oxygen input and carbon dioxide output.
Exchange of carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment: - Pick a couple of contrasting organisms (e.g. protoctists or plants and humans) and describe the surfaces where carbon dioxide is exchanged between the organism and its environment. Link in size, surface area/volume ratio, level of activity, environment to why these organisms have very different gas exchange requirements and surfaces. Transport of carbon dioxide: - In large organisms, carbon dioxide must be transported between the gas exchange surface and the cells where it is produced/needed. - In mammals, most carbon dioxide is transported dissolved in blood plasma as hydrogen carbonate ions.