Glucagons 21. Estrogen 22. Progesterone 23. Testerone 24. LH 25.
Alteration of the response to the Valsalva maneuver and amyl nitrite administration; iv. Reduction of heart rate and blood pressure changes on exercise c. Timolol decreases the positive chronotropic, positive inotropic, bronchodilator, and vasodilator responses caused by beta-adrenergic receptor agonists. i. The
DKA simulation 1. Describe the pathophysiologic changes in DKA. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), is caused by insulin deficiency. Signs of DKA include hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis, and dehydration. This condition most likely to occurs in people with type 1 diabetes but may also be seen in type 2 diabetes and also in conditions of severe illness or stress that may cause the pancreas to be unable to meet the extra demand for insulin.
CL- 108mM eft & 10mM icf i. Ca2+ 1mM ecf & .0001 mM icf 15. How is the action of neurotransmitters terminated? w. Diffuse away from the synapse x. Inactivated by enzymes in the synapse cleft y. Transported back into the presynaptic cell or into adjacent neurons of glial cells 16. List four different types of glial cells, and briefly explain the role of each. z.
_____ The pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon. 44. _____ Patients with diabetes lack the hormone insulin and may suffer from hyperglycemia. 45. _____ Glucagon acts by raising blood sugar levels; insulin acts by lowering blood sugar levels.
The hormone that is not being produced is called ACTH, cortisol or aldosterone. Addison’s disease happens when the anterior pituitary gland produces excessive but in effective amounts of ACTH to the adrenal cortex. This hinders its ability to produce and release hormones. Symptoms include bronzing of skin, dehydration, fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Addison’s disease is an autoimmune disease.
adrenal medulla/adrenaline * Paracrine - that secretes hormones that affect adjacent cells e.g. gastric mucosa/gastrin/gastric pits. * Autocrine – regulate their own avtivity by the secretion of hoirmone e.g. interstitial cells of testis/testosterone Each target cell in the body is regulated only by those hormones to which it has receptor molecules , and not y others.different cells may respond in different ways to the same hormone – the transduction machinery of different target cells ‘reads’ the hormone signal in different ways. Blood hormone concentrationare usually governed by negative feedback control – a reduction in concentration stimulates additional secretion and an increase in concentration inhibits further secretion.
101- Effects of stimulants 1. Adverse effects are commonly on extension of their therapeutic effects. 2. The CNS related adverse effects are restlessness, syncope (fainting), dizziness, tremor, hyperactive reflexes, talkativeness, tenseness, irritability, weakness, insomnia, fever, and sometimes euphoria. Pg.
Aldolase B is considered the chief aldolase isoenzyme that is responsible for fructose metabolism and gluconeogenesis within the liver. This is turn, produces fructose 1,6-biphosphate from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. When fructose is ingested, the body cannot change its energy storage substance glycogen to glucose. When glucose builds up in the liver, the blood sugar falls resulting in hypoglycemia. (PubmedHealth, 2009) Fructose 1 phosphate which is the substrate of Aldolase B is split by Aldolase.
Anatomy and Physiology Case Story Chapter 3 B.) The cellular process that is normally affected when the heart stops beating is aerobic respiration. Glucose begins the process in glycolysis and oxygen is required for reactions in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide is then produced as a byproduct, which is a waste that requires to be excreted. C.) Eukaryotic organelles are enclosed by lipid membranes.