Outline and evaluate research that supports the multi-store model. The multi-store model consists of three different types of memory store, sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory. Information enters the sensory memory and if attention is paid to the information it is passed on to short term memory, if it is not paid attention the information will be lost. Once in short term memory, information is either transferred into long term memory by rehearsal or is lost. The recency effect appears in serial recall tasks.
• In Schmidt’s theory, recall is simply referred to as a recall schema which initiates the response and carries it out. His theory is called recall schema, which initiates the response and carries it out. Schmidt’s theory is an example of open loop control because it controls the response. He believes that recall schema is updated after the response, which is called recognition schema. There is an individual memory representation according to Adam’s trace based recall.
Identify one of these two kinds of information. [2] (b) What does the existence of these two kinds of information tell us about memory? [2] 7. In the Loftus and Palmer study on eyewitness testimony, the participants' estimations of speed varied according to the verb used. Outline two possible reasons for this.
Research supporting the working memory model can be seen in Baddeley, Thomson and Buchanan’s research in 1975 of the phonological loop. Their research saw participants recalling one word at a time, of varying lengths. They found that performance was superior in short words (monosyllabic), rather than polysyllabic words. This shows that the capacity of the phonological loop is determined by the length of time it takes to say the words to yourself rather than the number of items. So there are some confounding variables that can alter your ability to remember some words, rather than just rehearsal, or attention, as suggested in the multi-store memory model.
Research that was carried out by Sperling in 1960 gives evidence for the MSM, this is because the experiment that was carried out showed that when reporting a group of 12 items that were flashed on a screen for 50 milliseconds, it was 42% less accurate than reporting only one row, which was 75%. This shows that information in the SM decays rapidly unless it is able to be transferred into STM and then into LTM. Another piece of research that supports the MSM is that carried out by Glanzer and Cunitz. There research looked at the serial position effect. When the participants were asked to record the number of words they could remember from a list of 20 words it was found that the participants tended to remember the words that were at the beginning of the list because the words are rehearsed and therefore they are transferred into the LTM.
And what influence, if any, do external factors and the environment have in the development of an individual’s personality? This essay intends to compare and contrast two personality theories and in doing so hopes to explore some of the questions above. The humanistic and behaviouristic perspectives offer very different theories in relation to personality. The main tenets in these two approaches would appear to be in stark contrast to each other from a thinking creative human who chooses his or her destiny to a non thinking mechanical being who simply learns how to behave through conditioning and learning (Coon, 1986, p. 464). Is this the case or are there more similarities than previously acknowledged?
Another contribution by Chinn and Kramer to Carper’s work was the development of a “model that expanded Carper's work by looking at how knowledge is generated, transmitted, and evaluated”. (Zander 2007) The model is compartmentalized into three dimensions with each seeking to address a different aspect; “the creative dimension is concerned with the generation, extension, and modification of knowledge; the expressive dimension provides the means by which the knowledge pattern is exhibited and displayed and the assessment dimension examines the ways of knowing for adequacy of the knowledge pattern by identifying a process context specific to the knowledge generation in each pattern, and establishing a pattern credibility index”. (Zander 2007) To some extent this model will also be referred to when I go on to describe my personal reflection of what nursing is while relating it to
Genetic Explanation of Depression Research on the heredity of depression within families shows that some individuals are more likely than others to develop the disorder. If you have a parent or sibling with depression, you may be 1.5 to 3 times more likely to develop the condition than those who do not. This suggests there may be some kind of genetic influence. Gershon 1990 studied 10 families, and found rates of MDD in first degree relative ranged between 7-20%, which i considerably higher than the rest of the population. Weisman 1984 also found that relatives of people diagnosed with depression before the age of 20 had 8x greater chance of being diagnosed with it.
Running header: Flashbulb Memories The Psychology of Flashbulb Memories Anthony E. McCaffity Walden University Cognitive Psychology (PSYC-8237-2) Instructor: Dr. Michael Durnam November 20, 2011 Abstract Thinking incorporates a vast set of cognitive processes employed to facilitate learning and the subsequent development of behavior. Cognitive psychology focuses on the mental processes utilized for human beings to engage and function in their environment. Memory is one of the cognitive processes influencing thought and mental acuity. A process of that includes encoding specific information to respond to a stimulus. Memory is also the process of simultaneously using newly acquired information to accomplish differing cognitive
Perception The Role Perception Plays in Decision Making Tracey Redmann Axia College of University of Phoenix Perception 2 What is perception? Before looking at the role perception plays in the decision making process one should have a clear understanding of what perception is. According to Oxford Reference Online Premium (2009), perception is: The faculty of acquiring sensory experience. Study of the processes by which we gather and interpret visual information is largely the province of social psychologists, who have identified several general principles (‘laws’) of perception, and also some effects upon it of (among other things) motivation and attention. The former includes the phenomenon of the ‘figure-ground contrast’; that is, how we perceive objects distinctly from their surroundings.