Studies of families researched by Weissman found that those with a first degree relative suffering depression, are ten times more likely to develop depression themselves, suggesting such illness could ‘run in the family’ or have a genetic cause. However a behavioural approach would refute this idea and suggest that this is due to a shared environment of the family, who also share the same life events which could trigger the depression. Furthermore, they may suggest
However this study can be criticised because of its retrospective analysis after the disorder had developed, thus it may be more conclusive if a prospective study was conducted to show the ‘before and after’ effects within families. Tienari et al found the risk of developing schizophrenia was 4 times greater in adopted children with biological mothers with schizophrenia than those with ‘healthy’ parents. This again shows a strong genetic link absent of overriding environmental factors. However
Children whose brothers or sisters were obese also had higher tendencies to be overweight. With those in the 95% confidence interval being above the p value of .05 or .01 level, it shows the factors and results are statistically significant. (Rooney, Mathiason, & Schauberger, 2010) With obesity among children and adolescents at such high rates, it was a good study to find out any contributing factors that might be able to be changed. If you could change some of the contributing factors there would hopefully be a reduction in
Depression is associated with poor glucose regulation in diabetes, and improvement in depression is associated with a clinically significant improvement in glycemic control. Beck Depression. You would look to see if it applied to this group-probably fine since it has been measured in populations that can answer the questions and even though teens are not adults, they are able to accurately answer questions, and showed that they needed it. The outcome would hopefully be more accurate assessment, increased access to mental health services and accurate treatment that would hopefully improve this populations outcomes and decrease the suicide and untreated depression rates you would tell us what you would use it for in a nursing assessment. You would use it to determine and screen these teens for levels of depression and develop a treatment plan that would include referrals to mental health services if the tool.
The first explanation of phobias is the genetic explanation, which argues that phobias are hereditary. Most if the family studies conducted by researchers have found that relatives of those with phobias are more likely to suffer phobias themselves compared with relatives of non-phobic controls. A twin study by Slater and Shields 1969 found 41% concordance in 17MZ twin pairs versus 4% in 28 DZ twin pairs for any type of anxiety disorder. However even though studies have proven to support the genetic problems there are a number of difficulties with family studies. The main problem is that in most cases family members share the same environment so it can be argued that it was the environment that caused them to equally learn the behaviour instead of the genetic relationship.
Family studies carried out by Gottesman in 1991 helped to look into this further. His studies concluded the following: Throughout the general population, 1% had the disease, 13% of children of people with it suffered but the highest family group connected to the person who suffered from schizophrenia was identical twins with 47%. This information proves that there is obviously a link between genetics and schizophrenia as it would seem the more genetically linked you are to a person suffering from schizophrenia, the more likely it is for that person to suffer from it themselves. However, the highest percentage of people most likely to inherit the disease from another person, identical twins, only account for 47% which is less than half of the population who could inherit, meaning that genetics are not entirely to blame and cant be seen as a completely accurate explanation for schizophrenia. The current belief is that there are a number of genes that contribute to susceptibility of schizophrenia, but none exhibit full responsibility for the disease.
Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder About 3% of men and 1% of women in the population have an antisocial personality disorder. There are estimates as high as 70 - 80% of the prison population has antisocial personality disorder. In later adulthood, symptoms diminish and the person may not be involved in criminal activity, though some of the basic personality characteristics may remain. Antisocial Personality Disorder is the most validated personality disorder. It has received more attention and has been studied more than any other personality disorder.
Sociology is playing an important role in the alarming health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Although statistics are slowly improving, currently Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people endure much poorer health outcomes than non-Indigenous Australians. For the 2005–2007 period, life expectancy at birth was estimated to be 67 years for Indigenous males and 73 years for Indigenous females, representing gaps of 11.5 and 9.7 years, respectively, compared with all Australians. In 2008, almost one-third of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (aged 16–24 years) had high or very high levels of psychological distress. Indigenous young people died at a rate 2.5 times as high as that for non-Indigenous young people Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 0–14 years died at more than twice the rate of non-Indigenous children.
“It occurs in 10 percent of people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder, such as a parent, brother, or sister. People who have second-degree relatives (aunts, uncles, grandparents, or cousins) with the disease also develop schizophrenia more often than the general population” (Schizophrenia, 2009). There isn’t just one gene that is associated with schizophrenia, but scientists believe there are several genes that are linked to the disorder. “Other recent studies suggest that schizophrenia may result in part when a certain gene that is key to making important brain chemicals malfunctions. This problem may affect the part of the brain involved in developing higher functioning skills” (Schizophrenia, 2009).
| |Dysthymic disorder can occur alone or along with other psychiatric or mood disorders. As with depression, dysthymic disorder is more common | |in women than in men. A family history of mood disorders is not uncommon. This mood disorder tends to appear earlier than major depression, | |although it can begin anytime from childhood to later in life. | |Up to 5% of the general population is affected by dysthymic disorder.