The death of Wolsey in 1530 indicated that significant change would subsequently happen as a long-standing follower of Henry had died, resulting in the King being in need of a new principal secretary. In 1530, Thomas Cromwell became a member of the King’s council, shortly after in 1534 he was then given the role of Henry’s principal secretary. During the Reformation Parliament, Cromwell was very influential and legislation was enacted which was of very considerable short and long-term significance. Cromwell changed a lot of things in the government as he had great impact on the king’s thoughts and ideas for England. The Reformation Parliament was successful in bring down Wolsey and increase pressure on the pope.
In the 1530s Cromwell began to make many changes to different areas of Tudor government to try and strengthen royal authority. The different areas he made changes to, were the Privy Council, finance and local government. These changes strengthened and weakened royal authority in many ways. Firstly the changes Cromwell made to the Privy Council. The Privy Council previously called the Royal Council was considered the most important single element in the government.
From 1536 the royal court was at the heart of the government and power lay with the king. However, to exercise it effectively he relied on a bureaucracy supervised by the Council and the co-operation of both the nobility and Church. When the king intervened with the parliament and governments his power was at its strongest forming a King-in-Parliament. The whole arrangement of appointments was held by patronage where both the king and those close to him acted as patrons putting forward their clients for position and office to ensure Henry could depend on each and every one to support him in order to succeed a Henrician Reformation. This facilitated him to becoming the most superior individual and increased overall royal power by building up political influence in the latter years.
During Tudor England, religious identity was extremely important, and therefore religious ‘revolution’ was obviously going to affect the people and the country significantly. To assess this statement each monarch, ‘revolution’ and its affect on England must be discussed. Edward VI came to power in 1547 at the age of just nine, and he was assigned a ‘protectorate’ and in the first half of his reign this was his Uncle, the Duke of Somerset. Somerset did himself appear to be Protestant, welcoming religious radicals such as John Hooper and Thomas Becon into his household. He also made a start on reforming religion; in July 1547 he introduced the Book of Homilies and paraphrases, a religious document that had to be placed in every Church.
[15] [16] King Henry VIII also reformed the clergy in particular the bishops’ position. He passed a law in 1536 that abolished the papal authority and said that no bishop has more authority over another. [17] King Henry VIII also had concern for
The King could define the faith in parliament. The King also had the power to appoint men of his choosing to the most important ecclesiastical posts. The passing of this act gave Henry more power than ever for within his own realm he was superior to the Pope and all taxes formerly paid to Rome would now be paid to the King. The Act of Succession 1534 Mary was excluded from the succession, in favor of any children from Henry and Anne. All nobles had to swear an oath confirming the terms of the succession.
'The Wilhelmine Germany was an entrenched authoritarian state'. How far do you agree with this judgement? Whether Wilhelmine Germany was an entrenched state is a subject of much debate among historians. Although many have argued that it was mainly the structure of the consititution in Wilhelmine Germany which gave the Kaiser complete authority over Germany. However structuralists have argued that mass political movements in Germany were on the rise and did in fact influence politics.
Budreika, Zara Period 2 2/25/14 10.4: Political and Social Change Magna Carta Causes Change in England 1215- nobles forced the king to respect their rights, and in Runnymede, they made King John approve a document, which listed rights that the king could not ignore, and was called Magna Carta, which meant “Great Charter” in Latin. The Effects of Magna Carta Magna Carta required the king to honor certain rights. Among these rights was habeas corpus (HAY-bee-uhs KOHR-puhs), a Latin phrase meaning “you have the body.” The right of habeas corpus meant that people could not be kept in jail without a reason. They had to be charged with a crime and convicted at a jury trial before they could be sent to prison. Before, kings could arrest
The great charter of English liberties ranted by King John in 1215 under the threat of civil war. It was reissued twice, once in 1216 and 1217 with omissions and alterations. As the conqueror of England, William I had secured for himself and his immediate successors a position of unprecedented power. He had been able to dominate not only the country he had conquered but the barons who had helped him win it and the ecclesiastics (priests) who served the English church. He had forced the pope to be content with indirect control over the church in a land, which the papacy (office of the pope) had regarded as bound by the closest ties to Rome.
Turmoil Between Powers: The Investiture Conflict Traditions shaped the views of both powers of authority in the Middle Ages which resulted in the retorts carried out between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV; ultimately leading to the Investiture Conflict. Pope Gregory VII was a cleric of Rome and slowly rose in the heirarchy of the papacy. He was appointed Pope by Leo IX in 1073 and sought to carry out the reform of the church under papal, rather than imperial, control (Hunt 348). From the start, power and religion held equal weight in Gregory’s mind and were the driving forces of his efforts towards reformation. Pope Gregory VII knew that many Europeans wanted the church to reform itself because of the problems they saw