Crusades effected the English people politically, economically, and by exposing the Englishmen to new cultures. The Crusades had a significant influence in Europe in general, not just English people. At the time, the continent was united under a powerful Pope, but by the end of the 14th century, centralized bureaucracies (which have been defined as the foundation of the modern nation state) was flourishing in England, France, Spain, and other countries, due to the tyrannical dominance of the church during the Crusades. The Crusader society in the Kingdom of Jerusalem was also characterized by a culture of innovation, including political structures, governance, and taxation. The need to raise, transport, and supply the large armies led to a flourishing of trade throughout Europe.
Three composers from the renaissance were Josquin Desprez, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and William Byrd. Ave Maria was a musical selection written by Josquin Desprez. In both periods many contributions were made by the catholic church to society such as schooling, medical care, inspiration for art, music, and culture. The catholic church also rose to replace the Roman Empire as the unifying force in
This was overcome by the construction of the recitative which is basically a single melodic line accompanied by various instruments. In 1594 the first opera was born from the collaboration of librettist Rinuccini and music by Jacopo Peri which was given the name of Dafne. The story of Dafne was steeped in ancient Greek mythology and the affairs of gods. This new art form was received with enthusiasm and it led other composers such as Caccini to write other operas. The baroque period saw opera spread like wild fire with demand coming not only from aristocratic patrons but also from newly opened public opera houses.
Gothic Europe and Late Medieval Italy was a time of the arts changing in style and a rebirth or Renaissance. This was especially shown in painting and altarpieces. New artists such as Giotto di Bondone, Nicholas of Verdun and Duccio Di Buoninsegna started to become recognized for their works and given credit for their contribution to art during this time. Artists such as these were becoming commonly commissioned to complete Altarpieces for the great Cathedrals of this time. Two very important pieces are the Sacrifice of Isaac and the Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints.
Pope Julius was a very ambitious man who realized that he could use the arts to increase his own prestige and power and also the prestige and power of the church. He is responsible for commissioning the following: 1. He commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt his tomb. Michelangelo completed several figures for this important and ambitious project, including Moses and the Slaves. 2.
He put most of his energy into this project but was also able to do some other projects. He died before the Trevi fountain was officially created. (4) The baroque era is known for art that used “exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur”. The style started around 1600 in Rome. The Catholic Church encouraged it.
In the end; the reformation opened up a lot of new ideas and also fixed up many of the flaws that were plaguing the Catholic Church. First of all, the Counter Reformation had spread out to other countries, mostly because of the Jesuits. The Jesuits were a group of Catholics that Ignatius Loyola to preach Catholicism. These Jesuits were totally focused on the church and did whatever the pope said to do. Even spread the faith to different countries that had many Protestants.
It was already unrecognizable as a piece of furniture however; people thought it was a delicate piece of art from the moment it was taken into the church. During the era Donatello and Luca Della Robbia were living in, a major rebirth in the Italian city-states was taking place. The rise of architects, scholars, artists, musicians, philosophers, and many other intelligent minds of the time led to create a group of people that would change the way Renaissance citizens would look at the world: humanists. Humanism was a wave of belief that an ideal citizen could be created out of ordinary people and of any calibre. It was a system of ideas and thought that gave primary importance to the quality of life of humans rather than that of spiritual or religious needs.
In just about twenty nine years the printing in Europe rapidly increased through the central of the small German states and the Papal states also it spreads to the Netherland and over to England. With the spread of printing information will be easily be spread throughout the world. To which the printing spread to the Renaissance culture the tools for sharpening their wits against the clergy -- not to undermine faith, but restore its ancient apostolic purity. With the spread of printing being so massive anything was about possible. A man named Martin Luther wrote the ninety five Theses about the issues of indulgences to the Church for official pardons.
Throughout the Renaissance period there was a shift in cultural and societal standing. It was during this period that many of the world’s great craftsman, thinkers, and humanists come from such as: Di Vinci, the Medici family, Castiglione, and Valla to name a few. However, not only was it a time of great forward movement, but it was also the time when society looked to the past with the views of Cicero, Plato, and Aristotle. Also, it cannot be forgot that the Popes of the Renaissance were considered great because of patronage to the arts, leading to a need for funds to build their legacies. It is an accumulation of all these events, like selling indulgences, and ideas that will spark and pave the way for religious Reformation.