Religion was the real reason that colonization began, with out it, the colonies all over the world would not have ever came to be. The fourteenth century was when factors that would eventually lead to the start of colonization began. The followers of John Wycliffe, also known as Lollards, had pushed their ideas of religious power on the religious community: both the bible and religion had ultimate power over everything (Reformation 4). Martin Luther was one of the first men to openly go against the Lollards ideas. He believed that the Catholic church was corrupt for selling indulgences as penance for sins in that the sale was a way for the Church to exploit the unfortunate and poor (Reformation 5).
In Article 10, it states, “No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.” However, Martin Luther and John Wycliffe were excommunicated for their religious views. Martin Luther and John Wycliffe questioned the Catholic churches beliefs such as people paying for their pentanence and whether people must communicate with God through priest. Martin Luther raised a question that why the church services was written in Latin only. Latin was a language studied by the upper class only and lower class people did not understand Latin that forced them to listen to the pope. Martin Luther in On Christian Freedom wrote, “For Holy Scripture makes no distinction between them, except that those who are now boastfully called popes, bishops, and lords….” He said that Pope or bishop are no different than other people.
The King was a keen theologian, and was prepared to incorporate evangelical ideas into his new Church where he saw fit. But he wasn't comfortable with the alterations, and from 1539 onwards he reversed most of his previous policies. In 1539 the Act of Six Articles returned the Church to unambiguous Catholic orthodoxy apart from papal supremacy. Amongst other things, transubstantiation and auricular confession were reaffirmed. Clerical marriage, which had crept in, was condemned, and vows of chastity were now held to be unbreakable.
Do you agree with the view that the decisive influence in shaping the reformation of the 1530’s was Thomas Cromwell’s Idea of the Nation State? The reformation of the English Church and the break with Rome are arguably the most poignant moments in the Henry VIII’s rule. It marked the start of the nation state, and the Church of England. Although Henry played a vital role in the reformation there were others around him who also contributed towards it, and shaped it into what it became. Namely Cromwell and Cranmer played important roles, and overall I agree with the view that the decisive influence in shaping the reformation was Thomas Cromwell due to his closeness to the king and willingness to entirely devote his time and resources into the reformation.
FRQ: Compare and contrast Lutheran and catholic reformations The catholic and Lutheran reformations were revolutionary events in history in which the Christian religion divided into the different sects that exist today, Catholicism and Protestantism. The Lutheran reformation is when Luther studied scriptures and came to the conclusion that the papacy was an invalid power and corrupt. The catholic reformation was the Catholic Church’s attempt to resolve corruption and other serious issues within the Catholic Church. This was also done to reform the catholic church so it is more appealing and hence, less conversions to protestant branches of Christianity such and Lutheranism. These two events were similar and different in two aspects: they were different because while the Lutheran reformation had many doctrinal changes, the catholic reforms made no revisions whatsoever to the beliefs of the catholic church; and they were similar because they both resolved many corrupt practices which was critical for both Protestantism and Catholicism because it added an appeal to the two sects of Christianity allowing either of them to gain popularity.
If he didn’t change the religion for the best interest of England, we would have a higher crime rate and England would be destroyed. The Catholic Church went from being a place where you can find God, to a place where people are executed and go against the laws of God and humanity. Henry VIII said “The people look to you for light and you bring them darkness. Amend these crimes and set forth Gods word truly or else I, whom God has appointed his high minister, will see these divisions extinct and the enormities corrected”. The Catholic Church decided to start controlling everyone in England.
It lead to the Latin west taking precious relics home and advocating their victory which they believed God had proclaimed to them, however Pope Innocent III debarred their actions and accused them of losing their purity and faith. The Crusades were informed by chivalric and religious ideals about the sanctity of certain types of violence throughout all crusades however the later crusades were a contradiction with horrible atrocities, attacks with the only purpose of wealth and fighting and attacking Christians. Bibliography Primary Sources De Villehardouin, Geoffrey, Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople, translation by Frank T. Marzials, London, 1908 Jonathan Riley- Smith, Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095 – 1274, London, 1981 Robert the Monk, Historia Hierosolymitana, Dana C. Munro, "Urban
People turned to the church for guidance, if the pope was of strong character the leadership of the church was the law but if the pope was weak or lost control leadership was in the hands of the current emperor which meant whatever group had the ruler’s ear at any given minute influenced the course of events. This continued from Constantine (324-337) in the west through Arcadus (395-408) in the east. Christianity became the authorized government belief of Rome in 391 however it certainly did not begin or end there as nonspiritual and religious groups seeking supremacy and status for themselves over others to the disadvantage of God’s people. This is still true today with the church and state especially during this election year. Mitt Romney if a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Barack Obama is either a Christian or Muslim depending on who you ask, both men want the power and both men have used religion as a stepping stone and a political platform.
Most of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church were dogma that could not be challenged or refused by Christians of the middle ages. And as it were, those teachings which forced down the throats of the people. Between 1170 and 1498 AD the glimpse of religious light began to shoot over the age, foretokens of the coming of the reformation. Before these tokens the papacy office became more involved in politics, they claimed to be more superior to the kings. The major concern was money in the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1931 it lifted a ban on Catholics joining the Nazi party. Two years later is signed an agreement with Hitler that priests could not interfere with politics and the church would regulate its self. Although this seemed to work at the start, tensions rose as Hitler banned religious teaching in schools, and limited the influence of the church using his power over youth movements and newspaper. Hitler’s racism also enraged Pope Pius XI, and he condemned Hitler’s action in an encyclical saying that he was “sowing the seeds of suspicion, discord, hatred, and calumny”. In 1941, Cardinal Von Galen spoke out against the Nazi policy of euthanasia.