The monies from these sales financed wars and expensive lifestyles of the popes, archbishops and bishops. Some one thousand years earlier, Augustine had similar reservations about the Catholic Church as Luther. He felt the Bible must stand as the ultimate religious authority, not the church officials. Augustine also believed salvation could be reached only by God’s divine grace; it could not be achieved through good works. Luther later formed Protestantism on these two central beliefs.
The Pope led a similar role to the Roman Emperor; he led wars, controlled taxes, gave others power, and gave out land. Because Catholoism was the main religion in the Roman Empire, following the fall of Rome, many Romans felt tied to only their religion. This led to the Roman Catholic Church having a wide based group of followers who would do anything to be seen as good and eventually go to heaven. This is illustrated in the Crusades, a series of Holy Wars, where the pope was able to use the population of Western Europe’s fear of not going to heaven and manipulating it. Telling them that whatever they do in the name of the holy land and church will be overlooked by God.
In the Middle Ages, the church had the most power and a huge influence (control) on society. During the Renaissance, religion started to affect people less. Things such as the idea of humanism would spread throughout, where the human body was seen as equal to or greater than gods (document 2). Humanism focused on individual achievements which were what the church had opposed of (document 6). Secular writing was used as a sort of guiding.
Luther needed the support of the masses to bring about his reform. This differed greatly from King Henry VIII’s course, which only required administrative power. Henry VIII put two bills through Parliament. One, the Act in Restraint of Appeals, indicated that all the Church of England was under the king’s jurisdiction and no one could appeal to the Pope. Like Luther, Henry VIII denounced the authority of the papacy.
Throughout the periods 1450 to 1750, Christianity both promoted and impeded societal changes through major roles of authority, abuse of wealth and power, and strong influences on the overall society. While some scholars may believe that the change was paramount to Christianity during this time, others would tend to disagree. During the early 19th century, Christianity impeded and promoted changes using intellectual, social and political aspects. The Organized Church impeded change using intellectual factors. The religion of Christianity promoted enlightened people to question the ideology of their God and lean more towards a scientific method in order to look at the world around them.
The Catholics may have been angry with the church but their church got reform and that’s what they wanted. The Catholic Church had no choice but to sale indulgence that was the pope’s orders and back in that time the Catholics followed the pope. The Catholic Church spent their money on unnecessary things. The church didn’t think wisely, but all of that changed because Martin Luther reformed the church and John Calvin helped. The pope lead the church and decided a person gets into heaven, but William Tyndale believes that if you believe in Jesus Christ as your Savoir then you’ll get into heaven, and I believe the same things as Tyndale, you shouldn’t have to prove yourself to the pope that you deserve to go to heaven and the pope shouldn’t get to decide.
The Crusades were pivotal events in world history. They were categorized as the end of the medieval time period. The crusades brought so many different changes to Europe in many different ways. One of the reasons behind the crusades would be when the government wanted to free the holy land from the Muslims; this all began in Europe. It's only sense to know that the medieval rulers and Christians would unite against a common opposition.
This created problems within the church because offices were essentially put up for sale by these secular authorities -- which are labeled as crimes of "simony" -- even though these appointments were still technically responsibilities of the church. To combat this, the church wanted to put appointing abilities solely in the hands of the pope, but the biggest barrier standing in their way was that it was the emperor choice as to whom the next pope would be. This essentially laid the foundation for the reform movements of the Eleventh Century. Henry III traveled to Rome to try and settle the controversy that sat within who was the rightfully entitled pope (Brian Tierney, Crisis of Church and State 1050-1300; pp. 27) He named his cousin, Leo IX, pope in 1049 and his legacy is highlighted by a few things: one being the issue of simony, his goal being to purify the church from being influenced by money; and he also took on the task of surrounding himself with "reform-minded" people and gave them permanent positions within the church.
Turmoil Between Powers: The Investiture Conflict Traditions shaped the views of both powers of authority in the Middle Ages which resulted in the retorts carried out between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV; ultimately leading to the Investiture Conflict. Pope Gregory VII was a cleric of Rome and slowly rose in the heirarchy of the papacy. He was appointed Pope by Leo IX in 1073 and sought to carry out the reform of the church under papal, rather than imperial, control (Hunt 348). From the start, power and religion held equal weight in Gregory’s mind and were the driving forces of his efforts towards reformation. Pope Gregory VII knew that many Europeans wanted the church to reform itself because of the problems they saw
“The Reformation was the rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance” Defend or refute this stamen using specific examples from 16th century Europe. Thesis: The reformation rejected the secular spirit of the Renaissance by shifting the focus of society from humanism back to God. This change was greatly helped by emergence of the Protestant Church and its beliefs. The Italian Renaissance, which occurred from about, the 13th to 16th century promoted secular spirit largely due to the idea of humanism. Humanism in the Italian Renaissance concentrated on the individual and the individual’s wants and interests.