Underreporting occurs due to individuals being dishonest regarding their behavior, therefore causing an error in the research done. A possible solution to this limitation is focusing on observed behavior, and correlating the findings with the self-reporting behavior, therefore developing a conclusion that is more in-depth. Furthermore, Article 2 emphasized that other factors can influence self-labeling as a victim in relation to work-place bullying, not just anxiety and anger. In addition, discovering a moderation effect regarding negative acts of violence and self-labeling is hard to discover due to the psychological way an individual may experience an event. Lastly, Article 3 honed on the lack of variances of deviant behavior.
It is generally assumed that substance abuse clients are products of a broken family structure and are prone to criminal behavior. Thus warranting the need for group facilitators to filter out most all and/or any negative energy and replace it with the positive. After-all the goal is to modify their behavior, what better way can one began to foster positive reinforcement then to provide the initial environment for such. However, there is always a chance that different claims and/or viewpoints can present challenges. For example, one might find that providing positive energy support for clients is not priority; thus, this can lead to more than just a difference of opinion.
The psychodynamic theory of offending believes criminality is caused by abnormal development of the psyche. The theory explains criminality happening for 4 different reasons, first being a weak superego as it doesn't punish them for acting on impulses from the id, second being a deviant superego as it has deviant values so doesn't react to certain crimes, third being a strong superego as they commit a crime to be punished to rid the guilt imposed by the superego or they suppress so much anger and frustration that one day they 'explode' releasing it in one go, and forth being maternal deprivation (proposed by Bowlby) as it leads to affectionless psychopathy so they can't form meaningful relationships. A major problem with the psychodynamic theory is that the concepts are difficult to test, and it relies on the unconscious mind which is impossible to prove meaning there is no empirical evidence. The biological approach can also be argued as difficult to test or proved because the CNS, ANS and endocrine system are very complex and interact with each other in a complex way, and because of this they are still not completely understood. The biological research is arguably better than the psychodynamic research because it relies on quantitative and objective data which will be interpreted the same by
They act violently when people pick on them, threaten them, or they are exposed to direct pain. The people that have seen violence rewarded react violently when provoked to. Personality and crime involve a disturbed personality structure. They are antisocial and are described as sociopaths and psychopaths. It begins in early childhood and continues into adulthood.
Mind Over Matter Checkpoint McNaughten rule states that it must be clearly proven that at the time of committing the crime the accused, did not know that what they were doing was wrong because of some from defect of reason , from disease of the mind. The difference between between mental illness and insanity is the degree of mental instability the person suffers from. I mentally ill person would have severe depression, anxiety. Signs would be present and sometimes easy to spot, but these people know what is going on and know have a grip on reality. An insane person would not know the difference between reality and fantasy.
Criminal Acts and Choices Sandra Garcia Criminal Justice CJA/204 September 14, 2011 Leroy Hendrix, MS Criminals are often categorized or labeled as the bad seeds of society or the rejects and failures. Those are the individuals that make the choice of disobeying the law and decide to live the life of a felon. Those criminal behaviors later on result to becoming habitual and progressive towards severe crimes being committed. However, for every action there is a reason to better understand the mind of a criminal certain theories have been introduced to the criminal justice system to gain knowledge in why people commit crime and what can be done to prevent it from occurring. In this paper choice theories will be identified and how they
An individual can put himself/herself in danger along with the other people it may affect due to careless actions. Some people have a different mentality that they do not need to think twice before they react. The criminal mind is amongst many that have a thought process that has the intent to overlook the consequences of their actions. Most criminals have the mentality that they will not get caught or don’t care if they do. They feel as if they have a full proof plan and have thought out every step thoroughly.
The decision to transfer these youths can bring adverse consequences to the youths. Prosecution of these youths in open criminal courts exposes them to criminals known to have committed serious offenses than them. Eventually, they may resort into learning how to commit similar crimes. Additionally, erosion of their civil rights is a problem allied to such a transfer. In various scenarios, such a transfer fails to curb the increasing rate of recidivism, therefore, the deterioration of the security of community’s security.
Unit 12 – Crime and Effects on Society Assignment 2 P4 - Describe the effects crime has on communities and the individual • Teenagers – Teenagers are affected by crime in different ways, they can be involved in fights and they may be targeted by looking at a criminal in a wrong way. The main way they will be affected by crime is that they could be judged by other generations for being criminals, giving teenagers a bad name. As a result of this, they may pick up on anti-social behaviour as they don’t think it is fair, or to fit in with the other trouble makers. • Children – Children are affected by crime negatively as they are very easily into manipulating, they can be brought up to be a criminal just from living next to one. Children are
A victim of rape (primary victimisation), for example, may be subjected to victim blaming and ostracism as the result of the attack; those who become disabled (primary victimisation) may be subjected to non-accommodation, medicalization, and segregation; and those who develop mental disorder (primary victimisation) may be subject to institutionalisation, that in each case may be far more victimising to these individuals and limiting of their life opportunity than the primary victimising stigmatic condition itself, and are thus called secondary victimisation. The disregards of victims’ needs following a crime against them can sometimes be so traumatic that it is called the “second rape” (in the case of rape) or “second assault”. Victims will feel let down and isolated by the criminal justice body, the medical body and any other institution that is meant to help them, but instead causes the victim in certain cases to start believing that it was in fact their fault or that they had a hand in causing the crime. During the court process, secondary victimisation takes place at various levels. Examples of this are where the victim is not afforded private waiting or report-taking facilities.