Such as not just giving power to citizens but how they distributed power in the empire. For example In Rome it was dived into offices and senate who held voice for the citizens. In china it was district officials. Han china ruled by an emperor who took mandate of heaven in deep consideration of all his political choices where as Imperial Rome had more religious freedoms not controlling its government or persuading its people to follow in one path due to religious beliefs. China was a closed unit compared to Rome who was more mingled structured.
Both Roman and Han empires are similar and also different in one way or more. Their similar in both the and how they are more technologically advance in their region. They both were very different in their political government and also how they treat their slaves. The similarities in their fall had lots of internal problems like riots and corrupt politicians and disease. Also because of the different believes like Christianity, Confucianism and Buddhism.
However, as the empire split into four the scholars were split to different nations and culture which effectively affected the method of political power because Golden Horde was severely influenced by the Islamic teachings and the Khan of Golden Horde was converted to Islam. Yuan dynasty had completely different methods of political power because they were usig Confucius methods of life style. One continuity from 1200 to 1500 CE was tribute from defeated nations to Chinggis Khan than to four khanates. When Chinggis Khan conquered different empires, he demanded tributes from each defeated town or city leading to a tribute system. This lead to many cities and towns paying because of the retribution for not paying was too high.
The differences between The United States and the Roman empire. Acceptance of people other than the majority has always been hard for cultures to grasp, this can be seen in sexism, slavery, and in the separation in social classes, between the rich and the poor. This acceptance shapes how the culture is formed, and how the society runs, and because of the difference in tolerance and acceptance between The United States and rome proves The United States and Rome cannot be compared, and likewise cannot be considered similar. The use of slaves, and treatment in Rome is extremely different from The United States. Primarily, the treatment of slaves in America was much harsher than the treatment in Rome.
The first four documents are from the Han dynasty, and two of them are from government officials, which would probably mean a weak bias on their part towards the government. The third document is from a Han philosopher, and the fourth one is government sponsored, which almost certainly means a strong bias towards the Han government, probably speaking about how powerful it is. The next four documents are from the Roman empire, and all of them are from upper-class people. One is from a philosopher, one is from a high official, and two are from political leaders. This would also mean a probable bias towards the government.
Rome and Han China Rome and Han China were separated by thousands of miles which made them develop independently of each other, but they both managed to flourish at the same time. These Empires have impacted the world around them with their differences in technological developments, other differences they had can be seen through individual economic status and government ideas. A specific example could be the idea of choosing emperors in Rome based on republic ideas versus China which had emperors based on the Mandate of Heaven. While these empires had differences, they also had similarities some examples being agriculture as a main source of income, militaristic views, new religion developments, and patriarchal family structures. Having aggressive neighbors although being so far apart was one similarity in Han and Rome because in order to protect themselves from them they needed a strong military and also needed to build protecting walls.
Although this is true, China was much more open and positive towards technological advancements, while Rome was more of a class-divided society, which in turn causes the general opinion on technology and advancements to be low. It should be noted that all of the documents herein are sourced from men who are wealthy and or government officials. In order to correctly state each society’s views, there should be a document sourced from a woman, a minority, and or a lower class citizen. For example, in Doc. 7, an upper-class roman philosopher and advisor to Emperor Nero, stated “...invented by someone with a mind that was nimble and sharp, but not great or elevated.” When referring to the hammer and the tongs, his point of view is that rather than making something meaningful, they use their sharp mind for making manual labor easier thus encouraging laziness.
Centralized vs. decentralized governments are huge differences between these civilizations. Also geography, concept of good citizen, and emphasis on power of man are differences. Both Han and Athens saw social class distinctions as normal. They didn’t think having different levels of social class was anything but customary (document 2 and 3). In documents 2 and 3 you can easily tell that event the population is divided into social class going from the top of the class to the bottom.
Imperialism had divided the Roman Empire into two halves, east and west, with one getting steadily weaker. The migrations of people mixed barbarian and Roman culture. The Roman army was later allowed to marry while in service. This caused questioning of loyalties and morale when fighting the culture that the Roman soldiers had integrated into. This combined with a weak senate, too many slaves and many weak leaders interspersed with a few good ones caused the fall of the Roman Empire.
Liberal Italy faced many problems in this period if it was from corruption in the government or catholic hostility. This showed that the government ( king ) was weak as political and religious opponents were ankle to challenge. The king had most of the power and was able to pass whatever law he wanted no matter how ridicules it was, Italy AT this time was meant to be liberated but with a king being able to do what he wanted it sounds very much like a dictatorship. The government also had substantial amounts of power but the problem was that they were elected by the king. This mean that the government mainly consisted of people with similar ideology as the king.