By this time, most babies take just 1-2 naps a day, which last for 1-2 hours and they sleep for about 10-12 hours through the night. Babies become really active during this age and crawl around to explore new things. Physical activity is very important for their development and for them to have a sound
There are differences between adult and infant sleep. At birth there is more active sleep than adult REM sleep; about half of infant sleep is spent in active sleep. As well as this, adults can usually go fairly directly into the state of deep sleep, whereas infants in the early months enter sleep through an initial period of light sleep. After 20 minutes or more they gradually enter deep sleep. By the age of 6 months a circadian rhythm is established and by the age of 1 year infants are usually sleeping mainly at night, with 1 or 2 naps during the day.
Discuss lifespan changes in sleep (24marks) By Rebecca Cox Sleep is a naturally recurring state characterized by reduced or absent consciousness. The sleep –wake cycle is an example of a circadian rhythm, as we have one main phase of sleeping and waking with takes place over twenty four hours. However within the time that we are asleep there is another cycle; the sleep cycle itself. This is known as an ultradian rhythm since on complete turn of the cycle from slow wave sleep one to the end of REM takes less than twenty for hours. As new born babies grow to adults there are major changes in the amount of sleep and kind of sleep that a human experiences.
They will turn their head towards light and shiny objects and are fascinated with the human face. They can focus on objects up to 20cm away. They react to sounds, especially familiar voices and quieten when picked up. They begin to make eye contact, cry to indicate need and move their eyes towards the direction of sound. Between four to eight weeks the baby begins to turn from their side to back and can lift their head briefly from the lying on their tummy.
• They start to gain control of their speech muscles and a grasp of auditory feedback which begins to familiarize them with the basic sounds of language. • Learns to laugh, both spontaneously and responsively. • Responds to familiar sounds and voices by turning to look for them. • By now can recognise and distinguish their parents voices to those of others. • Is able to communicate by clicking tongue and gurgling as well as cooing and crying.
They are babies they can’t speak they cry and the parent/carer responds to the cry and deal with their need ‘Crying is your baby's way of communicating any or all of those needs (Farrell and Sittlington 2009, ICAN 2007) and ensuring a response from you (Farrell and Sittlington 2009)’. A toddler communicates by crying at times, also they may start to point at things they want ‘This shows her that you want to understand and builds her vocabulary at the same time’’. When they start to speak they may say their need but with one word such as ‘food’, ‘toilet’ and ‘help’ and this tells the adult their need. Older children communicate with full sentences and this is because their language development is better and they learn new words. They will tell adults their need such as out school ‘miss I need to go the ‘toilet’, ‘sir can I have some help I don’t get it’.
Their first teeth may have appeared and bite on everything they can see. They are becoming more inquisitive with objects, passing them between their hands and looking for things that are hiding. Language Development Babies will begin to watch faces and mouths while trying to copy movements and sounds. They will begin to vocalize, squeal, cry, laugh and say dada and mama. Social and Emotional Development Babies begin to recognize faces while smiling and attaching to parents.
It may also occur as a result of human nature and our ability to learn from our environment. Human beings have a keen sense to adapt to their surroundings and this is what child development encompasses. Every child would struggle to find their culture and identity in child development. | Birth – 1 Month • Sleeps 20 hours a day • Crying – main form of communication (fosters early interaction) • Begins to have distinct facial expressions • Moves around more • Focuses both eyes together • Can detect smells • Sensitive to touch • Uses reflexes • Focuses on source of sound | | 2 – 3 Months • Visual and oral exploration • Cries, coos, and grunts • Emotional distress • Smiles at a face (social smiling) • Imitates some movements and facial expressions • Begins to realize he/she is a separate person from others • Can be comforted by a familiar adult • Can respond positively to
Describe theories of development of thought, memory, and language. Explain the role of education in cognitive development. Explain Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought. Contrast physical growth rates in infancy with that during the early childhood period. In the first several days of life, most newborns lose 5 to 7 percent of their body weight before they adjust to feeding by sucking, swallowing, and digesting.
1.1 Describe the expected pattern of children a young people’s development from birth to 19 years, to include: Physical development Communication and intellectual development Social, emotional and behavioural development The sequence of children’s development at 0 to 3 months. Physical development at 0 to 3 months. At 0 to 3 months, It is the norm for a baby to sleep most of the time and grow fast, whilst awake he/she can open and shut their hands and will start to kick their legs with movements gradually becoming smoother. They can wave their arms around and will eventually begin to hold objects when placed in their hand e.g. an appropriate size/shaped rattle.