When blood glucose decreases the Lateral hypothalamus is activated, giving you the feeling of hunger. Research into the role of the hypothalamus in eating behaviour began in the 1950s when ANAND & BROBECK found that damage to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in rats caused a condition called aphagia (absence of eating) and that stimulation of LH leads to excessive feeding behaviour. They concluded they had found the ‘on switch’ for eating behaviour, the neurotransmitter ‘NPY’ is particularly important in turning on eating. MARIE ET AL (2005) found when they genetically manipulated mice so that they did not make NPY; they found no subsequent decrease in their feeding behaviour. However the researcher suggested that hunger stimulated by injections by NPY might actually be an experimental artefact, in the flood of NPY during experimental manipulations could cause behaviour not like that caused by normal amounts of neurotransmitter.
All living things share seven basic characteristics and getting energy is one. If the hypothalamus is working correctly, it lets us know when we need more energy or food. To tell us when we need food the hypothalamus has three regions scientists associate with hunger: the lateral hypothalamus, the ventromedial hypothalamus and the periventricular hypothalamus. These sections are correlated with two hormones that signal when you need food and when you are full. Those hormones are called ghrelin and leptin.
A rise in glucose levels activates the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) leading to feelings of satiation which inhibit further eating. Research has found that damage to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in rats results in aphagia (decreased feeding). The stimulation of the LH stimulates eating, it is therefore suggested that the LH is the 'on' switch for feeding. Researchers also found that stimulation of the LH elicits feeding behaviour .Damage to the VMH causes hyperphagia (overeating) in rats. Stimulation of this area inhibits feeding.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner – Little Albert Experiment The aim of the experiment was to investigate whether fear can be acquired through classical conditioning on human beings. Before conditioning, pre-testing was done to see if Albert was capable of producing a fear response. The checked if he was afraid of different materials, such as: a white rat, a rabbit, a dog, a monkey, masks with and without hair, cotton wool, burning newspapers, etc but he demonstrated no fear. They found that little Albert showed fear when exposed to loud noises. They started conditioning by showing Albert a white rat.
“Diabetes can be tackled in different ways- by insulin and diet” (Rudy, 1999, page 19) Diet, when someone had diabetes it is best for their health to cut right down on the unhealthy foods, and stick to the health foods, this is due to the effectiveness of the medication you are on. If you eat junk food and do not eat healthy then your medication will not be as effective as it could be. Sticking to regular mealtimes is also another thing that could help you feel better as it will keep your “blood glucose levels under control”. (Rudy, 1999, page 20) There are 2 types of carbohydrates, 1 that is good for controlling diabetes and 1 that is really bad, these are starchy and sugary. Sugary- this is the 1 that people with diabetes should stay clear of, this is due to the “glucose getting into your bloodstream fast, this could cause a sudden rise in blood glucose levels”.
A flaw in this theory however is that it removes personal responsibility from overeating and could be used as an excuse for obesity. Also if this theory were true it would mean that everyone would have the same preference for high calorie foods, when evidently this is not true and we each have individual food preferences. Another evolutionary explanation of food preference is how we have learnt taste aversion and how to avoid eating poisonous foods. Our ancestors lived in an Environment of Evolutionary Adaption era and it was a case of survival of the fittest, and so in order to survive they had to learn what was good and bad for them to eat. Sweet taste is often associated with ripeness and therefore good foods to eat, whereas bitter tastes aren’t as enjoyable and therefore are associated with bad (poisonous) foods.
Unit 4222-366 Understand and meet the nutritional requirements of individuals with dementia Outcome 1 Understand the nutritional needs that are unique to individuals with dementia. 1. Describe how cognitive, functional and emotional changes associated with dementia ca affect eating, drinking and nutrition. Cognitive means the affect that dementia has on thinking skill Cognitive behaviour is dysfunctional emotions and behaviours caused by damage in brain affecting part of the brain responsible for memory and all that we learn from birth- how to talk, eat etc. This means that person with dementia can forget how important it is to eat and drink.
Lifetime Diet Project NTFD 3250 Long-term effects of eating disorders with focus on Anorexia bulimia Inevitably, one assumes that eating disorders do damage to health. However the damage is detrimental by how our bodies physiologically respond and compensate for the lack of nutrients it absorbs. While studies show anorexia causes damages to vital organs and blood concentrations, it is noted that an eating order will likely cause health problems for the rest of a person’s life, even after re-feeding patients to improve health. Depending on the seriousness of the eating disorder and duration of the disorder, will affect the ability for healing processes to even occur. The duration of the eating disorder, if serious enough, it will create
Eating gluten causes the abdomen to bloat out. Muscle wasting is not as common as bloating of the abdomen, however, it is a finding that coincides with the malnutrition that comes with the condition resulting from the damaged intestinal villi. Questions that may be asked: Q: If I suspect that either my child or myself has Celiac Sprue, when should I approach my doctor? A: As soon as possible. If you suspect you or your child have Celiac Sprue, the sooner you are tested, the sooner you can get on a gluten free diet and the sooner you will feel
Now, if the stones are large, they can block the duct that leads from the gall bladder. This causes pain and require treatment. It does not always necessitate having your gall bladder removed. Sometimes with a change to a low-fat, high- fiber diet that reduces refined foods such as white breads, pasta and sugar and increased exercise (or in many cases, adding exercise), the gall bladder might perk up and do what it is supposed to do, which is store and release bile when needed in the digestive