Citric acid occurs in the matrix of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial. Citric acid starts after the glycolysis cycle produces the acetyl CoA compound and passes down two of the pyruvic acid molecules into the citric acid cycle. The acetyl CoA are broken down into carbon dioxide molecules with the formation of the two carbon dioxide molecules per each acetyl CoA, one ATP molecule is also made. • What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products.
Controlled Variables. temperature; pH; sucrase + sucrose incubation time 4. Describe what is measured as an indicator of sucrase activity and why this is an indicator of sucrase activity. The amount of product produced is an indicator of sucrase activity. This is an indicatore because sucrase is an enzyme found in the small intestine that catalyzes the splitting of the disaccharide sucrose into the monosaccharides glucos and fructose.
All living organisms depend on continuous transfers of energy; they require energy to allow certain processes in the body to occur, such as active transport, DNA replication, cell division, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, homeostasis, etc. These are important so that organisms can continue to survive. In this essay, I am going to highlight the way energy is transferred, firstly from the environment to organisms, and the energy transfer between organisms. The main route by which energy enters an ecosystem is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
C6 H12 O6 = 2C3 H6 O3 + 2ATP (lactate) This is a structure of ATP ATP contains sugar which is Ribose, a base which is Adenine and three phosphate groups. Biological systems transfer the energy in glucose to ATP because unlike glucose ATP releases its energy instantly in a single reaction and also the hydrolysis of ATP releases a small amount of energy, ideal for fuelling reactions in the body. Glucose is obtained from food; we eat pasta which is a carbohydrate which is then broken down into glucose by the digestive system. The process which breaks this down is known as catabolism, this is the breakdown of food components, breaking down
Controlled Variables. temperature; pH; sucrase + sucrose incubation time 1. Describe what is measured as an indicator of sucrase activity and why this is an indicator of sucrase activity. Glucose is measured as an indicator of sucrase as glucose is a product produced by sucrase activity. 2.
Structure similar to substrate | Harmful noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor | C. Tie up metals | Feedback enzyme inhibition | B. Binds to allosteric site | Ribozyme | D. Catalytic RNA molecule | Question 5 Potentially, how many molecules of ATP can be generated by prokaryotes from the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O? Answers: 38 Question 6 How many molecules of ATP are spent by prokaryotes in the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid? Answers: 2 Question 7 Although the production of ATP during fermentation is limited, its advantage over respiration is that in fermentation Answers: | The final electron acceptors could be either inorganic or organic molecules | | Glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. | | There is not need of an external molecule to serve as a final electron acceptor | | The production of FADH2 and NADH is higher than in respiration | | Glucose is oxidized to ethanol.
The digestive system helps break down this food into small pieces, the enzymes within the digestive system breaks the protein into amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates into glucose. The sugar, amino acids and fatty acids are able to be used as energy sources in the human by body cells. Energy requirements are ordinarily expressed in terms of calories. The calorie used in nutritional discussions is actually the "large calorie “Calorie. This is really a kilocalorie the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (about 1 quart) of water one degree Celsius.
Describe how the storage of molecules is broken down and used to produce ATP. The process of ATP formation occurs when you inhale or exhale. In this cycle beta oxidation occurs causing fatty acids to be broken down into two carbons which forms
Aldolase B is considered the chief aldolase isoenzyme that is responsible for fructose metabolism and gluconeogenesis within the liver. This is turn, produces fructose 1,6-biphosphate from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. When fructose is ingested, the body cannot change its energy storage substance glycogen to glucose. When glucose builds up in the liver, the blood sugar falls resulting in hypoglycemia. (PubmedHealth, 2009) Fructose 1 phosphate which is the substrate of Aldolase B is split by Aldolase.
Cyanide is a poison that very specifically blocks the transport of electrons in the electron transport chain. Based on the purpose of this part of cellular respiration, why would you hypothesize that cyanide is so deadly? (1 mark) Cyanide binds to the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme inhibiting the transfer of electrons from fourth complex to the oxygen molecule; cyanide is so deadly because it prevents the oxidative phosphorylation. The tissues (primarily brain and heart) that produce ATP aerobically can no longer use oxygen for the energy production, therefore, they start producing energy anaerobically which affects the functioning of tissues and after sometime the tissues can no longer produce energy which ultimately leads to