TASK 2 UNIT 21 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a source of energy. When eaten, the body converts most carbohydrates into glucose (sugar), which is used to fuel cells such as those of the brain and muscles. Carbohydrates are one of three macronutrients (nutrients that form a large part of our diet) found in food – the others being fat and protein. Hardly any foods contain only one nutrient and most are a combination of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in varying amounts. There are three different types of carbohydrate: sugar, starch and fibre.
Mr. Brown: What exactly are triglycerides and what do they do? PA: Triglycerides are the most common type of fat in our body. They are the kind of fat that is found in our blood and fat tissue. When you eat and don’t burn all of the calories right away, the excess is turned into triglycerides. Your body uses the triglycerides in your blood as energy between meals, but if you eat more calories than you burn off throughout the day you will have higher levels of triglycerides in your blood.
Vitamins are organic compounds needed in the diet in small amounts to promote and regulate the chemical reactions and processes needed for growth. For vitamin A, my DRI was 700 Amg. My intake was 265 Amg, which is an intake of 37%. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to eye disorders known as xerophthalmia, such as night blindness. The goal is to meet my DRI 100% so if I ate more animal products such as eggs and dietary products (cheese) I would increase my intake of vitamin A.
Outline and evaluate the role of neural mechanisms involved in controlled eating and satiation (24 marks) Hunger is activated by many different cues, both biological and environmental. The body is controlled by homeostasis which is how we maintain our constant internal environment. Homeostasis is controlled by a negative feedback loop which assumes that all body variables have a set point. The set point helps the body regulate its weight and therefore knows how much the person should be eating. Hunger is based on fat stores (lipostatic hypothesis), glucose levels (glucostatic hypothesis) and cellular energy.
When we eat our food it is broken down into nutrients then absorbed into the bloodstream, our body then discards the indigestible parts of the food, this process is called digestion. The oesophagus is a tube that passes through the chest and connects the mouth to the stomach. The stomach leads to the small intestine, which is a narrow long tube from which most of the food absorption into the bloodstream takes place. The reason why we need to digest our food is because we need various molecules from the food we eat. We need carbohydrates for energy; we need amino acids to build protein.
The energy helps us to move our muscles, walk and talk; without the energy in our body we would not be able to do basic things. “It cannot be created or destroyed but can only be changed from one type to another.” [2] Metabolism Metabolism is a collection of chemical reactions that take place in the cells of a human body. They help to sustain life. It converts the carbohydrates, fats and proteins into energy that our body absorbs. Metabolic rate is how fast or slow a person burns off the energy that they get from food whilst at rest, this can determined whether the person puts on weight or loses weight.
The first function of the digestive system is the intake of food; the mouth is responsible for this as this is where food enters the body. Enzymes inside the mouth serve two purposes, one is to kill bacteria and two, begin digestion. Salivary Amylase begins to breakdown starch, carbohydrate in our food. Lingual lipase is an enzyme that stays neutral in the mouth but is active when it reaches the stomach. You should note that enzymes are like tiny biochemical machines that disassemble large macromolecules like proteins, lipids carbohydrates into smaller molecules, the breakdown of these foods continue throughout the digestive system until they are ready to enter the blood stream by absorption.
The protein in the foods eaten complete or incomplete, therefore combine to become more balance. Why is this important and how much on a daily basis recommended protein, carbohydrate, and lipid intake achieved. What was the reaction toward the number? If the intake of macronutrient is insufficient, what can be done to bring it into a suggested range? Provide specific suggestion My recorded protein, carbohydrate, and lipids intake compare to the recommendation of the Dietary Reference Intake of protein for the total three days were 103, carbohydrate 397, and lipids 791.
Unit: Digestion HW 1 Read Concepts Pages 106 (Protozoa) - 112 Answer the following: 1. Define the terms intracellular and extracellular digestion. Intracellular digestion occurs inside a cell while extracellular digestion occurs outside of a cell 2. How does mechanical digestion aid chemical digestion Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food thus increasing the surface area of the food and allowing chemical digestion performed by enzymes to occur faster 3. Why is a one-way digestive tract evolutionarily more efficient than a two way tract?
The Effects of Ice and Heat on the Reaction of the Enzyme Amylase in Corn Starch Alyson Wells Wednesday 9:05-11 Ryan McCarthy Kelsey Byrd Fall 2011 Introduction Chemical reactions in cells take place constantly through the contribution of activation energy to a substrate, or reactant, to form a product. Activation energy is the energy needed to cause a reaction in a cell. In a typical chemical reaction activation energy can be found simply in the form of heat. In a living cell, however, heat is potentially destructive to the cell and enzymes are necessary to lower the activation energy in the process. An enzyme is a protein produced by an organism that acts as a catalyst in a biological chemical reaction (Bruns, Schmidt 2011).