A new religion was created by Henry VIII, called Protestant. This authorized people to divorce if they were unhappy about their marriage. This made all the pope, monks and priests very irritated and angry. Henry’s hunger for power slowly increased; he wanted to dissolve the monasteries as he felt strongly about controlling the church his way. Although Henry was king of England, he thought that the pope might have more control over the people in England.
Their attempts failed and the Puritans soon became persecuted by the Church of England. Thus, they fled and came to the new world, hoping that this would be the place where they could build the shining city on a hill where Puritan practices would shine for all to see. The Puritans were initially will to work with the confines of the established Church of England, the Pilgrims thought it so corrupt that they wished to separate themselves from it completely. They set up their own secret congregation in the village of Scrooby in Nottinghamshire. They saw little chance for remaining true to their faith as long as they remained in England.
They sought the removal of all images, veneration of the saints, sacramental practices, and the like. Their attempts failed and the Puritans soon became persecuted by the Church of England. Thus, they fled and came to the new world, hoping that this would be the place where they could build the shining city on a hill where Puritan practices would shine for all to see. Some were not pleased with this name because it categorized them as radical extremists. (Bercovitch 25) From the outside, it would look like the Puritans were shut out from trying to change the everlasting system of the Church of England because of persecution in England.
He also tried to smooth things between Parliament and the army in 1647 when the army mutinied and refused to disband. He played a prominent part in the second Civil War and was the prime mover behind the decision to execute the King in 1649 and the establishment of the Commonwealth. Having stabilised England, Cromwell left to abolish the Irish Civil War. As an extreme Puritan, he hated the Catholics and had never forgiven them for their alleged massacre of Protestants in 1641. He therefore felt he was justified in seeking revenge and was responsible for the Massacre of Drogheda in September 1649.
However with Charles keeping the pope prisoner and the relations between Charles and Catherine, he declined the divorce on behalf of the pope. So without obtaining a divorce Wolsey had to try and keep Henry content in other ways. However, Wolsey also changed Henrys attitude when he left England stranded without alliance due to his attempts in foreign policy. Wolsey’s strategy was to create an alliance with Francis; who sent cardinal Campeggio for the hearing of the divorce. The Anglo-French alliance undermined Charles, which they hoped would seek to the freedom of the Pope.
Exactly, why is freedom achieved only for Englishmen and not women or anyone else not of the European race? How is this considered freedom? Is this how the difference in development occurred? First off, in New England Calvinism (created by John Calvin) was the people’s fate already predetermined, causing control of the people, and some wanting to break away from the church. The biggest difference causing the Pilgrims versus the Puritans, was the Pilgrims wanted a complete separation from the Church of England, and the Puritans on the other hand.
In 1533 he married Ann and divorced Catherine. Anyone who refused to recognise Henry as the Head of the Church was executed. After Henry had made himself Supreme Head of the Church he decided to close down the monasteries. The monks and priests had given their obedience to the Pope so Henry doubted their loyalty. Also the monasteries were incredibly wealthy.
Upon his return he had gone to the pope and asked the pope to excommunicate the Archbishop of York. To excommunicate someone was to completely exclude them from participation with the Church. This was an extremely serious request on Thomas Becket’s behalf. When Henry had heard of this request he was livid. He was said to have shouted out to a crowd, “Will no one rid me of this troublesome priest?” Four knights had heard what Henry shouted and took it to mean that he wanted Becket dead.
This allowed Henry to eradicate any opposition that had potential to threaten Henry. The religious changes came to a halt in 1539, where Henry sends out a strong deterrent message by executing the architect of the religious changes, Cromwell. One of the groups who contributed disapproval was the clergy. This opposition had worrying potential to become serious because of the reputation of those who delivered it, for example More, who’s resistance was actually passive, did not actively deny the King’s title or offer any strong opposition to the regime, his trial was rigged and perjured evidence and the ruthlessness of his death meant that others refrained from open opposition to the King. In comparison, Fisher’s opposition was more vocal, he publicly condemned Henry getting an annulment from Catherine of Aragon, he was much more active in his opposition, delivering sermons and publishing books, an example of which being Sermon Against the Pernicious Doctrine of Martin Luther (1521).
This was also known as, Pontiac’s Rebellion. “When I go to see the English commander and say to him that some of our comrades are dead, instead of bewailing their death as our French brothers do, he laughs at me and at you. If I ask for anything for our sick, he refuses with the reply that he has no use for us. From all this you can well see that they are seeking our ruin. Therefore, my brothers, we must all saver their destruction and wait no longer.” ( The American Spirit, p.88 )The Indians realize that they can never trust the colonists again.