Language acquisition is the cognitive process where humans acquire the ability to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate with one another (Friederici 2011). It is known that as physical development occurs in infants, the voice box dropping down, enhanced control of tongue muscles and the ability to hear, language development and acquisition occurs (BBC, 1998). Also, cognitive development is related to language development, where the inner processes such as remembering, reasoning, problem solving and creating are forming mental activity that leads to the ‘knowing’ (Berk, 2013). Children build on these developmental processes with physical movement and touch, gathering perceptions of the world using all the sense organs (Berk, 2013). Piaget and Vygotsky both identified the most important source of cognition is the child itself.
1. Who is responsible for what is known as “language acquisition device"? What are the basic principles behind this thought on language development? Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain.
NVQ Level 2 Questions INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION 1.1 Identify different reasons why people communicate To express need to share ideas and information, to reassure; to express feelings; to build relationships; socialize; to ask questions; to share experiences. Communicating it is the primary form of transmission and reception of information. 1.2 Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work A good communication help to understand people needs, build trust prevents misunderstanding. When communication is well set up, allows you to provide better customer service, saving time and avoiding misunderstandings. For example in the case of a member whose primary language is not English, it is good practice to make use of plain English, easy to understand.
As language (verbal and non-verbal) occurs in a socio-cultural context, Vygotsky argued that it is first used as a way of making social contact, and later as an individual tool for governing thoughts and behaviour. This process of internalising language (private speech) leads to Vygotsky' s contribution to understanding the process of language acquisition and its relationship higher mental functioning as language becomes self-communicative. Berk and Winsler ( 2002: 12 & to cognition provides practitioners with a sound framework for supporting language in a socio-cultural context. 99) state: Is this a dog? Because Vygotsky regarded language as a critical bridge between the socio-cultural world and individual Uh//ke Piaget, Vygotsky
Discuss the development of perceptual abilities. Include examples from infant and cross cultural studies in your answer (8+16) The development of perceptual abilities is explained through whether the ability is innate, which would be nature, or whether they are learned, which would be nurture. Thus forming the nature vs nurture debate. There are 2 theories of perception: Gregory’s top down indirect theory and Gibson’s bottom up direct theory. The top down theory states that our mind generates expectations about what we are looking at and these expectations help us make sense of the mass information that reaches our eyes.
Encoding In this method, researcher translates the information gathered from diversified people into own understandable language. This method is useful in the beginning of communication research; it is also useful in the intermediate stages. Moreover, It is also beneficial in limiting the cues (Mehrabian, 2007). Depth Interview It is the technique in which personal views and opinions of people on the research topic is identified. It is used to do the need assessment, issue identification, strategic planning etc (Jones, 2003).
Piaget thought that, as learning is based on what we experience, childrens thinking and learning was directly related to their age and stage of development. Therefore the more they experienced the more they learnt. As children experience new things, they adapt their previously held beliefs and also gain different understanding. In order to learn and evolve their thinking, children need to have a vast amount of experiences so that they can extend and build upon what they already know. Eventually children will begin to decide for themselves which gaps they have in their learning that they like to be filled.
By understanding we mean Processing and making sense of what people say Understanding words being spoken Understanding the rules of grammar used. By communication we mean the way in which language is used to interact with others, Using language in different ways to question, clarify, describe and debate. Using non-verbal rules of communication: listening, looking, and knowing how to take verbal turns and how to change language use to suit the situation. The ability to take into account other people’s perspectives, intentions and wider context. We need all three elements in order to get our messages across.
Through learned language from childhood, to adolescence, and to adulthood that the human being expresses feelings, thoughts, wants, and needs. Language mirror the human society and is the medium for its values. Best minds created and shaped language but is only good and only useful if recognized, absorbed, and understood (Kirby, Goodpaster, 1999). Thus, language is an important medium use in communication between people, nation, and
It is usual when looking at child development to divide it into the following areas. Physical development – This area of development is about learning how to master physical movements. It is usually subdivided into fine motor skills, gross motor movements and locomotive movements. Physical development allows children to gain independence. Cognitive development – This area of development is also known as intellectual development.