Some crimes go unrecorded or undetected, because some people feel pressure, they may be domestic or drug usage, there is even a class difference. Most crimes that are published in the media come from working class backgrounds, like ‘hoody culture’, this created a media panic, and automatically hoodies were banded and associate with crime, and deviance. However many upper class crimes go unreported and do not create a media panic, so people are not aware of them and do not find them a problem. Gordons argues that
But due to poor educational achievement and low paid manual work they are unable to gain these goals. An example of this is Willis’ 12 lads and their ‘anti-school’ subculture. The strain makes working classes experience ‘status frustration’ due to the lack of power, respect and prestige that they receive and therefore they seek this through illegitimate means such as joyriding. This suggests that criminal gangs develop for more reasons than financial gain. From this it is clear that Albert Cohen agrees with the subculturalist view of crime being a collective activity.
Rather than focusing on social situations, the criminal and deviant act, the interactionists focused on the reaction to the act and its effects on the deviant individual. One main possible criticisms of interactionist theory is that to some extent ignores and privatisation and its effect on crime. Can negative labelling be the only reason that crime is predominantly more in working class area than in middle class ones? The “new criminology” was a radical development of traditional Marxist theory (Young, Walton and Taylor) they attempted to combine the process of labelling with Marxist explanations of social inequality to explain crime. A criticism of both the original interactionists and the new criminology came from the “New Left Realists”
And of course none of these are good escape routes from poverty and we all believe in the term "poverty causes crime". But it’s not always the poor who commits crime. Mostly the poor or the middle class people will go after crimes to fulfill their temporary desires. For example raping, stealing and sometimes murder too. Since the low class poor people are not usually educated, they often easily “pushed” into the crimes by the high class people.
Other than luxuries the outer party have better education to perform more sophisticated jobs. The two groups have a taboo against mixing, “As usual, there was no definite rule against talking to proles and frequenting their pubs, but it was far too unusual an action to pass unnoticed.” This is so that the uneducated proles do not discover how their lives can
In our society it is assumed we are all treated equally, but in fact many times this is not true. Minority individuals have a disadvantage in the criminal justice system because of the lack of money, and effective resources. This is very damaging to society and may be a root cause for so many disparity issues today. Factors of Racial Disparity Society cannot be run for the privileged and allow a substantial proportion of the population to be an allowance beyond what is needed. This impacts the quality of life for all of us if we have to “throw away people.”A justice system that tolerates injustice is doomed to collapse (The Sentencing Project, 2000).
They note that the traditional Marxist perspective is too deterministic and try to implement an element of free will in their theory. Traditional Marxist’s view of crime has 3 key aspects: The Criminogenic capitalism, the state and law making and ideological functions of crime and law. As previously stated, criminogenic capitalism is the Marxist idea that crime is inevitable because of the nature of capitalism. They believe that because of capitalism as the unequal divide between classes, committing crime is sometimes the only way people can live. For example, a young woman who is living in poverty may have to resort to prostitution in order to survive.
Merton’s approach explains how both normal and deviant behaviour can stem from the same goals, however it clearly ignores the power of the ruling class to make and enforce laws, and is too deterministic as not all working class people deviate. A.K Cohen alternatively disagrees with the majority of the strain theory as he states deviance is an individual not group response to strain, and believes Merton only focuses on utilitarian crimes and not crimes with no economic motives. Cohen suggests working class boys are the anomie in the middle class education system, and as they lack the skills to achieve they develop status frustration and therefore group together with those of a similar mind-set which creates a subculture. A.K Cohens view overall does not support the suggestion that crime and deviance are
Hidden systems are hard to overcome, Wise says, because they are often not perceived by most of society and therefore not much attention is given to them by those who are not negatively affected. The effectiveness of these hidden systems hinges on the people who accept added benefits without pondering the counter-effect on minorities. Wise accuses whites, who are able to comprehend the prejudice taking place, of denial. He personally blames those who intentionally shut their eyes to the reality of the race based class system. Wise would agree with the notion that race is invented by society and has no biological basis.
Why socialism failed for developing countries is an easy and clear question. Developing countries have very bad education and social welfare. Governments governing third world countries are mostly corrupt and have work on guild lines not to do wrong. Socialism failed in developing countries for many reasons For example you have the people writing the policies could create loopholes for themselves to take advantage of. Greed and corruption, in addition to a false sense of "fairness" spread amongst the people, means that it is usually quite easy for those in power to take advantage of the situation.