Why did widespread protests and rebellions occur across Russia in 1905? There are several reasons as to why widespread protests and rebellions occurred in Russia. The most important reason, which sparked Russia into a time filled with protests, was the Political problems that brewed in Russia; the Tsar aggravated many people, and caused many demonstrations across Russia, as he was not listening to the population. The main reason, which caused a widespread rebellion across Russia in 1905, was due to the political problems in Russia. In 1905, Russia was still an autocracy, with the Tsar possessing complete political power, unlike other countries in Europe, Russia did not have a national elected parliament therefore people were unable to have a say in how their country was run.
How far were divisions among its opponents responsible for the survival of the Tsarist rule in the years 1881-1905? The Labour movement essentially began in 1883 when it was emancipated by the established order; small political groups were tolerated. The Labour Party ,or ‘Social Democrats’ often used violent tactics, including the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, to revolt. The Social Democrat Party also opposed the autocratic system and wanted change but did not use as much violence as opposed to propaganda and campaigns. However, opposition to the Tsar became even more divided when Lenin and Martov split the Social Democrats party as Martov accused Lenin of becoming a dictator.
There were many factors in the survival of Tsarist rule from 1881 – 1905. The divisions among it's opponents played a part, as it meant that Tsarist opposition had no common goals, and couldn't work together to achieve it. The October Manifesto is another factor, it split up Nicholas' opposition even further by dividing the Liberals into two groups. Pobedonostsev & his repressive policies played a large part in the Survival of Tsarist autocracy, as he was able to keep the people down, not giving them enough ground to start a successful revolution. Lastly, Russia's backward society is one of the main reasons Nicholas II survived after 1905.
The Crimean war (1853-6) proved a struggle for Russia as they faced inferior opponents, alike to the Russo-Turkish and Japanese wars. All three of these wars ended with Russia in a worse economic position than before, with loss of land. This caused anger and unrest amongst the Russian citizens as it illustrated the backwardness of Russian economy and society, leading to the Tsar Alexander 2nd introducing reforms and changes in an attempt to modernize Russia. The emancipation of the serfs in 1861 was an important reform as it forced change upon local government and coerced with the creation of the Zemstva. These reforms made a significant change to the government as a weakened sense of autocracy replaced the traditional span of control the Tsar ruled over, due to freedom of serfs which ultimately creates opposition.
“Stalin changed the nature of Russian government more than any other ruler” How far do you agree 1855-1964? In many ways it could be argued that the nature of Russian government changed little during this period - ‘History repeats itself, only behind new masks’. All of Russia’s governments, with the exception of the Provisional Government under Kerensky, were autocratic and willing to repress their opponents. This is clearly demonstrated by Nicholas II’s rigging of the elections for the 3rd and 4th Dumas. Lenin also suppressed democracy, closing down the constituent assembly in January 1918 after ‘one day of democracy’.
How far were divisions among its opponents responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years 1881-1905? Divisions among the Tsars opponents were important to the survival of Tsarist rule. However other elements also affected it, such as the belief in the Russian Orthodox Church and the belief that the Tsar was divinely appointed, poor communication across Russia this included the large the number of different languages and nationalities and the Cossacks which stayed loyal to the Tsar. The growing political opposition to the Tsar affected the stability of the Tsarist regime. Many Russian intellectuals were rising up against the Tsar; they believed that the regime was oppressive and that European countries had more freedom and felt that many Russians lacked basic freedoms seen in other European nations.
Assess the reasons for opposition and unrest in Russia from 1894 to 1905 During 1894-1905 Russia faced much opposition to its dictatorship rule by Tsar Nicholas II. There was social unrest throughout Russia within this time period, which was created by economic troubles, the loss in the Russo-Japanese war and political problems. The Tsar was also a very weak figure and there was Opposition to the autocratic system. Industrialisation in Russia helped Russia’s economy grow massively and in 1914 it was one of the causes of opposition and social unrest in Russia, as industrialisation caused a gap between the rich and poor. This caused the division of society between the countryside and towns.
There were many factors that contributed to the downfall of the Romanovs – and Tsar Nicholas II was not responsible for all of them. Some of the issues that caused the collapse of the Romanovs’ reign had begun even before he had come into power. However, the many mistakes he made during his reign undoubtedly sealed their fate. Problems with Russia’s monarchy had begun long before Nicholas II came to the throne. For example, a large contributor towards the Romanovs’ steady deterioration was the dissatisfaction of the people of Russia, particularly the peasants.
Russia was still an autocratic state (the Tsar held completed political power). The reformist groups wanted to amend this so the Tsar had less power. The reformist groups also known as the radical parties all had various different ideas as to how they were going to go about reforming the country. They grew in numbers from 1881 and gained a lot of support from various different social groups. The Socialist Revolutionary Party wanted to completely abolish the Tsar’s power and give the peasants power to advance Russia.
Like many other revolutions in the history of the world, the Russian Revolution was against economic oppression, which led the Russian revolution to start out as a revolution for democracy. Russia was known to be an extremely oppressed country in the 20th century, which was ruled by the Czars, Russia was also known as a feudal dictatorship. People from Russia were also horribly oppressed, poor, starving, cold, and also had no direction or hope ("The Russian Revolution", 2003). The Russian Revolution influenced terrorism by terrorist attacks and war. A small group of revolutionaries over threw Czars causing Russia to go into a stage of anarchy and turmoil, after the Bolshevik Party of Lenin emerged as dominant political force ("The Russian Revolution", 2003).