Theories Of Globalization

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THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION Title: What do you see as the biggest challenges that globalization will pose in the next 40 years? From whose perspective are these challenges rather than opportunities? What sorts of reforms are needed and at what level? Who should be the agent of change? Since the early 1990’s, “globalization” means a new phase in the global integration of economic, financial, environmental and cultural phenomenon. A careful examination shows that this phenomenon is neither linear nor irreversible. “Before, the events that took place in the world were not linked. Now, there are all dependent on each other.” The finding is trivial, except that the one who formed it, Polybe, lived in the 2nd century, before JC! Globalization, the creation of an interdependent world is not new. Arnold Toynbee, the great historian, has beautifully shown how in such circumstances, a country and civilization could be either moving toward new progress, or being dragged by the decline. Twice before in the history of mankind, men have invented new methods of production of wealth. The first major revolution in the late first millennium was the generalization of a civilization based on new agricultural production techniques. The second revolution was the industrial revolution. It changed all the habits of the people concerns. It was mass production, mass consumption, mass ideologies and most of all, mass democracy. Now, we are in the third wav of change in the history of mankind, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the world of absolute sovereignty of states over individuals, and the revolution of “Internet”. This new world escapes more and more of the classical control of States. If the 20th century was the century of trust in State and government, the new century promises to be the one of restored confidence in freedom and men’s responsibility. Globalization is the new
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