Therefore, the presence of an individual produces positive reinforcement as they have a more attractive appeal. This theory also suggests that we are attracted to people if we meet them whilst we’re in a good mood, an example being at a party. As a result, previously neutral stimuli become positively valued as they are associated with the pleasant event, therefore meaning that we learn to like people through classical conditioning. Griffit and Guay (1969) conducted a study to investigate how the reward/need satisfaction theory works and how well it is acceptable. Participants were evaluated on a creative task by an experimenter.
Byrne and Clore said the balance of feelings was crucial in formation of relationships. A study to support RNS would be by Griffit and Guay. They found that the participants who received positive feedback rated the onlookers positively. This supports the RNS because participants had associated their positive event of being rated highly to their positive feeling of being happy and therefore rated others positively. Another study to support RNS would be the biological support presented by Aron et al.
Byrne and Clore (1970) proposed the reward/need satisfaction model. According to this model, we form relationships with people simply because we find them rewarding, It is suggested that we are rewarded in two ways: operant conditioning (through direct reinforcement) and classical conditioning (through association). Argyle (1992) suggests individuals who are rewarding are liked the most. An example of positive reinforcement may be through non-verbal signals such as smiling; this is a sign of liking. We may also be negatively reinforced by an individual helping us in our ‘time of need’.
Individuals tend to search for others who have the same personality as their own. Extraverts are social and enjoy developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships (Personality and Interpersonal Relationships, n.d.). Extraverts seek out relationships and hold them to a higher quality. Individuals with the agreeableness trait are altruistic and strive for good relationships with others. They are sympathetic and provide emotional support for others in their network.
When an expert gives their advice to someone that person usually follows that advice. * Referent Power is a person who is identified by their desirable resources and personal traits. When a person develops admiration for another they desire to be like that person. One way someone can achieve Referent Power is by having Charisma. If someone likes, respects or admires another it is because they are trying to please that person.
Outline and evaluate one theory on the formation of relationships One theory on the formation of relationships is called ‘the reinforcement affect model’ from Byrne and Clore (1970). It refers to the ability of another person to reward or punish us directly (operant conditioning) or to become associated with reward or punishment (classical conditioning). The affect part of the model refers to the emotions that arise in us as a result of that reinforcement. The model suggests that we enter a relationship because the other person is positively reinforcing (i.e. they create positive feelings in side us) which makes them more attractive to us, or alternatively takes away negative feelings inside us (such as unhappiness) by making us laugh when
For example, if I was praising an individual for outstanding work, I would have a jovial but very sincere tone to my voice and make lots of eye contact, my face would also convey how pleased I was. I will (if the individual welcomes touch) put my hand on their arm or shoulder. The use of language is also important. With some service users, language needs to be a little simpler, without sounding patronising. Body language and eye contact are key with all communication.
Aside from abstract thinking, reason has a behavioral component. For example, if your friends with a group of people you think may get you in to trouble you will probably change your behavior in order to distance yourself from them. Healthy emotional development, also referred to as emotional intelligence is positively related to abstract reasoning ability. Emotional intelligence is “the ability to perceive accurately, appraise and express emotion; the ability to access and/or generate feeling when they facilitate thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth. Influencing type emotions usually have a positive effect on us and help us make better decisions.
Some sang about stories that they related to, and some sang about their culture and where they came from. It was very entertaining overall. The Humanistic perspective of psychology was very interesting to me, as I can relate to it, and it makes some very optimistic assumptions as well. According to the book Perceptual Psychology, Humanism can be described in some very simple ways. Humanistic psychology begins with the basic assumptions that objects of a person's experience is central and that people possess free will.
He also says how people overestimate the extent of money and what it can do for them. Relationships are another important thing that makes people happy. In the essay “Do You Have What It Takes to be Happy”, successful relationships are important to happiness. The author says to hang out with friends and with people who give good feelings and good support systems. People who are involved in romantic and social relationships are happier than people who are lonely.