A conclusion can be derived from the reading on whether Ethical Egoism is truly a moral theory. Within the reading, along with Ethical Egoism, Psychological Egoism is discussed. Psychological Egoism differs from Ethical Egoism in that it asserts that each person does in fact pursue their own self-interest alone. To support the theory of Psychological Egoism it is stated that altruistic acts of kindness are performed only to produce good feelings about oneself. Another supporting argument of Ethical Egoism is that we always do what we most want to do.
According to Durkheim, crime is an ‘integral part of all healthy societies’. It’s inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments (the shared values and moral beliefs) of society. Since individuals are exposed to different influences and circumstances, it is ‘impossible for all to be alike’. Therefore not everyone is equally reluctant to break the law. Durkheim went on to say that crime isn’t only inevitable, it can also be functional.
He decides to try and change his destiny by being a good person. In broad terms he turns to a life with integrity. That for him was not an easy task because he knows, consciously, that he is naturally an evil person. Steinbeck makes sure this struggle is evident because it is the most representative struggle between good and evil in the novel. In East of Eden, Steinbeck makes Cal the main victim of the struggle between good and evil by emphasizing thou mayest.
The story depicts the unjustifiable suffering experienced by Job who was considered a man of virtue. The account has served both as a means of supporting traditional morals and as a launch pad for more profound philosophical interactions concerning the issue of human affliction. There are quite a few undeniable themes in the Book of Job, which include the virtue of patience in spite of suffering, faithfulness rewarded; suffering's not being a punishment for sin, God's omnipotence and the examination of morality. Theologians Marcus Aquinas and Pope Gregory I offered that the Book of Job taught that suffering was a purifying experience that was desirable. Other scholars have suggested that another theme worth examining is humankind's inability to understand how God works outside the world's interpretation of justice.
Meaning that the authority that was elected by the society had to be beneficial to the society; as well as the right and wrong actions depended on the effect that these actions had on the unhappiness and happiness of an individual. The Enlightenment was also based on logic and humaneness was coming in to the picture. First of all, Baccaria’s saw torture as inadequate criminal justice procedures, since torture was adopted as a common technique to determine whether an individual was guilty or innocent through use of pain. This in Baccaria’s eyes is deemed as useless. Since the tortured party can be proven guilty or innocent based on their pain tolerance, if an individual who has committed a crime and is being tortured however their pain tolerance is very high and they are able to take the pain they may be judged as innocent, however if and individual is innocent or guilty has a low pain tolerance and is not able to cope with the pain and confesses then it no longer matters whether he committed the crime or not, thus making
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/intro_1.shtml I think that ethics is acknowledging the difference between something right and wrong; it is a thinking procedure of deciding whether something shouldn’t or should be done. In my opinion being ethical is saying something or doing something and keeping you integrity. It is being able to stand up for yourself and what you believe without any negativity that could be offensive to others. Not every person is perfect but when faced with a difficult decision, if you do the best thing you can do then that means you have good morals. When a person’s first instinct is that something is wrong and therefore doesn’t do it that is ethical, however if knowing something is wrong but still do it that is unethical.
In this case, Joe is working unethically, so his actions must be an immoral example for the employees. Also, Joe´s unethical acts will be affect the organization’s performance because Joe is not hiring the best prospective employees; he is hiring the most pessimistic people. Additionally, I think that Joe is using utilitarian-type reasoning. Utilitarian-type reasoning means that it is easy to take the welfare of few individuals over the welfare of another group of individuals. In this way, I think Joe is using utilitarian-type reasoning because he is thinking just in his benefit, but he is not thinking of stakeholders’ benefits.
This means that the man is a rational and acts with purpose, unlike brutes who merely act out of instinct and reflex. Man is capable of knowing both the intentions and consequences of his actions, and is capable of judging them as right or wrong, or as good or bad. The assumption implies the moral awareness or the capability of man to know or distinguish right from wrong , and good from bad. Second, That Man is free. Ethics assume that Man is free to act according to his will and he has the power to act, speak or think if he chooses to without restraints.
It feeds a positive feeling to motivate that person to have confidence in oneself. By protecting someone’s feeling you can save them for a day, but when you protect someone from being harm, you can save them for life. Threatening situations don't just occur as emergencies; there can be long-term threatening situations where lying will give a person a greater chance of survival. A typical example would be Jews hiding during the Second World War. Most would agree that it would be right to lie, in order to protect them from the Nazis.
a) Answer Anscombe (1958) has observed that ethics is crucial in everyday life because it provides the basis for the answers to the important question, "In this situation what do I do?" At the basic level, the answer to the question is about what choices man makes of right and wrong in all life endeavours. The Golden Rule, the Ten Commandments and Poor Richard's Almanac provide simple concepts about right and wrong that lubricate society by reducing friction. Human life would be chaotic without ethics. It is our means of deciding a course of action.