Linea Eby January 31, 2011 Hao Xu Discovering the effects of Temperature Changes on the Tonoplasts and Plasma Membranes of Red Beet Root by Examining the Amount of Betacyanin Released from the Cell’s Vacuole Introduction: The semi-permeable plasma membrane of the cell serves many functions. It regulates the transportation of macromolecules in and out of the cell, holds the cell together, and protects the cell from its external environment (Biology 107 Lab Manual, 2011). When environmental conditions are altered outside the cell, the membrane shields the cells organelles from some of the damage. If environmental conditions are so great that they begin to damage the shielding properties of the membrane, the organelles will be subjected to the full extent of the detrimental conditions. Organelle damage can have a variety of consequences.
Changes in temperature, surface area, soaking time of the samples, and many other factors may influence the diffusion rate of glucose. Increases in soaking (blanching) time and temperature both are directly proportionate to increases in glucose diffusion rates (Abdel-Kader, 1992). Surface area to volume ratio affects the glucose diffusion rate of potatoes. The greater the surface area the greater the diffusion rate of glucose is going to be (Kaymak/Kincal, 1994). The purpose of this experiment was to examine the surface area to volume ratio and to determine if it had a significant impact on diffusion of glucose rates of potatoes.
Observing the Affects Temperature has on the Rate of a Tyrosinase Reaction Linda Zheng, David Tran; Section 003 Introduction: It is important for a Lab technician to know the effect that temperature has on the rate of enzymes in a reaction to determine the optimal temperature to make product from substrates. We would like to ask how certain temperatures affect the rate of the Tyrosinase reaction on the protein L-DOPA. We hypothesize that temperature is a major component of the productivity of the enzyme, Tyrosinase, and that we will be seeing a large fluctuation of Tyrosinase activity depending on the temperature change because extreme temperatures do now allow the enzymes to function properly and they operate best at their own optimal temperature in between the extremes. In order to test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment by filling five different tubes with a combination of reaction buffer, L-DOPA, and Tyrosinase, and setting them in five different temperature of water and observing the results in a spectrophotometer. We predicted a bell curve shape of a graph representing the change in temperature and the absorbance where the extreme temperatures will show that enzymes are unable to function properly and at high temperatures but they will operate best at their own optimal temperatures in between the extremes.
Whereas the pH moves from a more acidic concentration to a more basic, with a constant concentration of enzymes, the absorbance increases, to acidic or basic the enzyme denatures. Introduction Enzymes are proteins that catalyze a chemical reactions. The ability for proteins to accomplish that depends on the three-dimensional shape, different enzymes have different shapes. Without enzymes catalyzing biochemical reactions, the reactions would happen to slowly, leaving the world a very different place. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of a reaction, by binding to a substrate and forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
Identify some specific changes that you would suggest for Carmen’s experiment in order to specifically test her hypothesis. Give a specific explanation for why these changes are improvements. ANSWERS: 1. The independent variables in Carmen’s experiment are the amount of salt added, and the amount of time Carmen lets the salt sit. The dependent variables are the salt freezing, and the time it took to freeze.
Pg. 1 The Effects of Catachol with Potato Extract Abstract: The effects of enzymes and substrate concentration on catecholase activity for Ph were determined in this experiment. To get the results, we mixed potato extract with catachol and then exposed it to different Ph levels. The Hypothesis that was being tested was to see if more amounts of H2O, catechol and the potato extract were added, would the reaction rate go up. Also if we added higher amounts of extract will it produce high color intensity.
The rate of osmosis is affected by variables, two of them being temperature and concentration. In this experiment, the class will divide into two sections: some groups will look at the change in osmosis due to temperature, and the other groups will look at the change due to concentration. In osmosis, water moves from high concentrations of water to low concentrations of water. The water will try to move from outside the bag to the inside in order to dilute the solute, which in our experiment, is sucrose. Phospholipid bilayers and protein molecules form a semi-permeable boundary around the cell.
The experiment that I have undertaken is an enzyme lab that will be testing the reaction speeds of the enzyme catalase in different concentrations of Hyodrogen Proxide (H2O2). This is so that we can see how our body breaks down H2O2, a poisonous chemical that, if left by itself in our body, would kill us. The experiment is based off the latter part of AP Biology Lab 2: Enzyme Catalysis by Bozeman Science, which in the beginning he explains how enzymes work, and later uses Catalase as an example. The specifics of the experiment will be based off http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/enzyme_lab.html. This experiment is important to do because we must understand the way enzymes work in our own body, and so would be important to medical researchers trying to see how different things affects the body.
The Kinetics of a Bleach Reaction The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the rate law and order of a reaction between food coloring and commercial bleach. You will use a Colorimeter to measure the absorbance of the reaction over time. As the reaction proceeds, the food coloring will fade and the absorbance will decrease. You will determine the order of the reaction and write the rate law based on your analysis of the graph of absorbance vs. time. OBJECTIVES In this experiment, you will a.
Certain enzymes are specific to pH levels at which they work best, and removing them from this environment may denature the enzyme. Much like pH levels, enzymes have an optimal temperature level, and again in a different temperature extreme, enzymes will denature. However, other than only environmental factors, enzymes can also have their reactions affected by both activators, which increase reaction rates, and inhibitors, which slow or stop reactions. In an experiment involving the unexpected lowering of pH in an enzyme's environment, we can see how the enzyme will become denatured because of this. Materials: 2A) Hydrogen peroxide, catalase solution, beakers/test tubes, pipette, ice for catalase, water for boiling, liver/potato tissue 2B) Hydrogen peroxide, water, sulfuric acid, potassium permaganate, beakers/test tubes, pipette 2C) Hydrogen peroxide, beakers/test tubes, sulfuric acid, potassium permaganate, pipette 2D)