The paper discs were dipped in the samples given, one being a Yeast solution and the other a Catalase solution. After that, the discs were then immersed into the H2O2 solution. The oxygen produced from the enzyme reaction will form on the disc and cause it to float upwards to the surface of the H2O2 solution. Through these procedures we can investigate the effects of substrate concentration on the rate of reaction. We can manipulate the substrate concentration by varying the concentration of H2O2 taken during each trial of the experiment and measure the rate of reaction by measuring the time taken for the paper disc to float to the surface.
The effectiveness of lipase on temperature Abstract Enzymes are biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction. Different enzymes work best at different temperatures, which is also called an optimum temperature. Different enzymes also have different functions. Lipases are enzymes, needed to break down lipids (fats and oils) into the products - glycerol and fatty acids. They work best at room temperature around 36-40 C. Introduction For this experiment, I will be looking at how the change in temperature affects the rate of reaction.
Microorganisms are classified by their optimum growth temperature. Microorganisms can be classified as psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, and hyperthermophiles, and each classification has its own set of special characteristics. If a microbes cell is in a solution in which the concentration of solutes is higher than that found in the cell, cellular water passes through the cytoplasmic membrane in the direction of the high solute concentration. During the loss of water, the cytoplasmic membrane collapses away from the cell wall, which is called plasmolysis. Extreme halophiles (sometimes called obligate halophiles) are organisms
It is important for an IV solution to have salts in it so the water and solute can be equal to create an isotonic environment. If there wasn’t, there would either be a hypotonic causing the cell to burst, or there would be hypertonic causing the cell to shrink. We created models of living cells by using dialysis tubing. The dialysis tube represented the cell membrane to act as selectively permeable to water and some solutes. We observed different solutes (NaCl, Ovalbumin, Glucose, Sucrose, and Water) in the dialysis tubing.
Active transport is the process where dissolved molecules move across the cell membrane from a lower to a higher concentration. The particles involved in active transport move against the concentration gradient, this means there needs be an input of energy from the cell. It may occur that the dissolved molecules are sometimes at a higher concentration inside the cell than outside, but as the organism needs the molecules they must still be absorbed. Active transport is highly selective, proteins are pumps ( carrier proteins) that use energy (ATP) and pick up specific molecules that are then taken through the cell membrane against the concentration gradient (one direction only). It is also know as 'uphill transport.'
Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse in and out of the cells through the phospholipid bilayer; ions and glucose molecules enter and leave the cell via the channel proteins. Waste products such as nitrogenous compounds are carried to the kidneys and are excreted in the form of urine. Antidiuretic hormone, (ADH), is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It is carried by the plasma to the kidney and stimulate the occurrence of water reabsorption. When the body is dehydrated, ADH is released, causing the collecting ducts to become more permeable.
Dialysis Lab Background: Dialysis works on the principles of the diffusion of solutes and ultrafiltration of fluid across a semi-permeable membrane. Diffusion is a property of substances in water; substances in water tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Blood flows by one side of a semi-permeable membrane, and a dialysate, or special dialysis fluid, flows by the opposite side. A semipermeable membrane is a thin layer of material that contains holes of various sizes, or pores. Smaller solutes and fluid pass through the membrane, but the membrane blocks the passage of larger substances (for example, red blood cells, large proteins).
Introduction Biological membranes are selectively permeable allowing molecules to move across by means of osmosis and diffusion. The ability of a molecule to move across the membrane depends on charge and size of the molecule and the concentration of molecules on either side of the membrane. In this experiment two types of membrane transport will be studied: osmosis and diffusion. This experiment will also investigate how surface area to volume ratio effects the amount of molecules that can diffuse across the plasma membrane (Biology Department. 2012).
Effect of Enzyme Activity on Temperature Aim: The aim of this experiment is to investigate how effectively the enzyme amylase breaks down starch at different temperatures Research Question: How does the increase in temperature affect the time taken for amylase to breakdown 2ml of starch? Purpose: Background Information: Enzymes are biological catalysts that comprise the largest and most highly specialized class of protein molecules. Enzymes act as catalysts to increase the rates of chemical reactions. A fundamental property of enzymes is their specificity. Various enzymes have unique shape and chemical composition that creates a site, called and active site.
The eudiometer will show the displacement of the water in volume of CO2. Hypothesis: I predict that the greater the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the greater the rate of reaction and so more carbon dioxide will be produced in the same time period than at lower concentrations. I predict this because there will be more collisions between the calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Variable Factors Reasons Control 1.Time duration of experiment 2. Mass of Marble Chips 3.Surface Area of Marble Chips 4..