Spoken Language: How Teachers and Pupils Use Speech in the Classroom

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This transcript is set a classroom context, and shows some students in the class talking and responding to the teacher’s questions at the start of a History lesson. We see use of both standard and non standard language, and lots of features of spoken language. At the start of the transcript the teacher emphasises the words ‘right everyone, settle down’; this is a discourse marker and is used by the teacher to signal to the class that the lesson is about to start and so to listen. He then pauses before repeating the words ‘settle down’. I think this is where he is talking to different parts of the room to a make sure he has authority over all of the students and to reiterate that he is ready for the lesson to begin. We then see a student overlap the teacher’s speech as he asks about homework. Overlapping doesn't usually occur much in this context, as usually it is turn-taking between the teacher and the students as they may feel rude to interrupt someone of higher standing than them. However, on this occasion it may have been because the student was nervous that the teacher will find out that he wasn’t in a previous lesson because of homework, and so he is eager to answer the question quickly and move on. Throughout the text you see both the students use fillers and pauses to give themselves a chance to think about what they are going to say next. For example, student two says ‘sir, erm (.),’ using both a filler and pause to think about her answer. The teacher also uses a pause before he decides which student to ask next and also before going on to say another question to the class. This also shows us that it was spontaneous speech and not scripted. On several occasions within the text, the teacher uses emphasis as he praises or agrees with one of the student’s answers. This may be to reassure the student that they are right, to highlight that they have a correct

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