Gender affects a person's roles and position in society. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. When the phrase “Gender wage gap” is used it refers to the difference in earnings between men and women. When evaluations of jobs that are identical are performed they have the same identical pay scale. The “gender wage gap” theory is not evidenced by accurate current information.
For example, cultural feminists look to the different values associated with womanhood and femininity as a reason why men and women experience the social world differently. Other feminist theorists believe that the different roles assigned to women and men within institutions better explain gender difference, including the sexual division of labor in the household. Existential and phenomenological feminists focus on how women have been marginalized and defined as the “other” in patriarchal societies. Women are thus seen as objects and are denied the opportunity for self-realization. Gender Inequality: Gender-inequality theories recognize that women's location in, and experience of, social situations are not only different but also unequal to men's.
Occupational sexism (also called sexism in the work place and employment sexism) refers to any discriminatory practices, statements, actions, etc. based on a person's sex that are present or occur in a place of employment. Social role theory may explain one reason for why occupational sexism exists. Historically women’s place was in the home, while the males were in the workforce. This division consequently formed expectances for both men and women in society and occupations.
We know this is not true because women have done everything in this world that men have including dangerous adventure sports yet they considered to be lower than men .Their talents are not as recognized as men’s talents are and they are mostly looked upon as not being fit for the same jobs as men are. These issues are presented in the texts examined in this essay. The song “What it feels like for a Girl” by Madonna and the essay “Fifty one percent Minority” by Doris Anderson are about Gender Inequality and how women are treated in society. The song by Madonna describes the pressure women feel to conform to social norms of politeness and subservience and the essay by Doris Anderson is about discriminatory practises that are done against women in Canada. Anderson is also one of Canada’s leading advocates of women rights.
What is Gender ? Gender means those characteristics which defines or explains if someone is masculine or feminine according to their behavioral differences, for example how they dress or act towards others, the kinds of work they do and their status in society. Gender refers to the social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women and men and girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. Some critics argue that gender roles in modern society are based on women being inferior to men. I agree because of a countless observation at social arenas, such as workplace, the average household, educational institution, and even in our nation’s government.
As stated by Sportelli “the gender gap separates women from their male peers in the workplace, salary, and self-esteem (Sportelli, 2014). If this persists a company could see adverse effects that can suffer from eventual lack of output/productivity. If one does not feel as though they are being treated or paid fairly like other co-workers then they become less motivated to work. Equity theory deals with the input and the outcome as well as the human motives. If one feels as though things are equal among other co-workers then there tends to be more unity within a work area.
Social inequality is where a set of people are treated better than other people based on stratification. Social class structure is grouped according to wealth, income, education and even social networks. A method to distinguish where individuals stood in a social class was established by social expert in order to organize a class system with discrete social classes. These representations mark upper class making up the wealthy, an upper middle class consisting of professionals. Then there is the lower middle class who consist of semi-professionals, the working class who consist of well respected blue collar workers and the lower class consisting of the working poor and underclass.
The concept claims that wealth generated from this division does not filter down to the workers, as the businesses are only concerned in profit making. Exploited, they do not feel their full fair benefit for the work they do, so forming unequal power relationships in society. They have no choice but to sell their labour power on the market and end up being exploited (Mythen, 2012, p108). Gender division of labour focusses on how unequally work is shared between men and women, with many of the jobs occupied by women not being seen as important and are undervalued.
Wage gap is seen throughout history as a negative aspect as most individuals would think that women work as much as men, maybe even more, yet tend to have a lower salary and worse living conditions. Most of the community however never thought about why wage gap is a good thing but rather accuse firms and governments by pointing out sexism and the suffering of women worldwide. Many studies on the gender wage gap tended to focus on whether sexism is the reason for the wage gap, or if the gap is driven predominantly by the difference between both genders’ human capital attainment.
Institutional racism ensures that people of different races receive different treatment and opportunities in public services within the society and it also denied other things such as benefits, rewards that other individual might be entitle to in normal cases. People in powerful positions can use their race based stereotypes and conditioned behaviour to develop procedures and practices that put some racial groups at a disadvantage (Parekh, 2000) Institutional racism in the labor market is seen by the way companies, organizations and public institutions offer services, hire, promote and treat people of races to be considered inferior. Companies and organizations in the UK have proved that race plays a vital role in the provision of services to the public (Bloch, 2010). Culture, colour, and ethnic background remain a very fundamental factor in treatment of different people in the society. Focusing on the main essay,One institution that has remained controversial in offering services to the public is the police (Young and Mooney, 1999).