Describe the effects of hyperinflation on Germany in 1923. (9) The Weimar government was short of money after the First World War and so began to print more and more banknotes. The sudden flood of paper money into the economy, on top of the general strike - which meant that no goods were manufactured, so there was more money, chasing fewer goods - combined with a weak economy ruined by the war, all resulted in hyperinflation. Prices ran out of control, for example, a loaf of bread, which cost 250 marks in January 1923 had risen to 200,000 million marks in November 1923. German's currency became worthless.
Bob Cratchit represented the opposite of Scrooge’s morals, and embodies the invaluable qualities that Dickens admired – strength, humbleness, hope & perseverance. Bob is grateful for what little he has which he relies on Scrooge “the founder of the feast,” and once again proves to Scrooge that the lives of others lies in Scrooge’s hands; a universal message that Dickens wanted society to acknowledge –that those with power can so drastically impact on the lives of others. ( good point – how does this relate to the essay topic?) Whenever family is described, there is a tone of warmth and affection. (Example?)
In spite of all these changing times and circumstances, the tension between the upper and lower classes remained tenser than ever before, building up under the fabric of society. Russian became industrialized during the 1930's when Joseph Stalin instituted a series of what he called “five year plans". The plans were designed to rapidly increase the industrial capacity of the Soviet Union and change it from an agrarian economy to an industrial one. The plans succeeded and Russia did become an industrialized nation. Prior to the “five year plans”, Russia had mostly a peasant farming economy.
Karl Marx, born 1818, was alive during a time which saw the biggest period of change in Britain in modern times, a time of Industrialisation. In a relatively short space of time, one hundred to two hundred years, Britain had gone from a long standing agrarian society to the first industrial society the world had seen. A historic move from a farming economy to an economy based on factory production had taken place. This undoubtedly had an influence on his theory, which concentrated on the capitalist system Britain had so abruptly moved in to, why it had come about, it's inherent problems and why it would eventually fall to a conflict free society. In this new capitalist period, the more simplified means of production as seen in feudalism, had developed into a “complex industrial state” as stated in Haralambos and Holborn (2008).
The stock market crash was the turning point in causing the Great Depression; it was not its only source (McQuarrie, 2009). There were many different factors, beginning with the end of The First World War in 1919. During The First World War, the United States created resources by fabricating and supplying other countries with armaments and foodstuff. Farmers, coal miners, textile workers, and industries were all flourishing from the war. When The First World War came to an end, the farmers, coal miners, and textile workers were the first to feel the effects.
The Skills of the Unskilled in the American Industrial Revolution By James Bessen* 2/02 Abstract: Were ordinary factory workers unskilled and was technology “de-skilling” during the Industrial Revolution? I measure foregone output to estimate the human capital investments in mule spinners and power loom tenders in ante-bellum Lowell. These investments rivaled those of craft apprentices. Although factory workers were unskilled in a sense, the implementation of this technology depended on the development of a labor force with substantial human capital. From 1834-55, firms made increasing investments in skill, allowing workers to tend more machines, thus raising labor productivity.
Comparing jails and prisons Sean C CJA/ 234 April 23, In the early 1600 England was assigned responsibility for the poor to parishes. These parishes built workhouses to employ the poor on a profitable basis. This turned out to be a difficult thing to accomplish and during the 18th century workhouses degenerated into mixed receptacles (places to store things), where every type of person was dumped. The Poor Law Amendments of 1834, standardized the system of poor relief throughout Britain. Groups of parishes combined into unions, which became responsible for the workhouses.
While Darwin demonstrates how closer adaptation to environment refines life, Smiles advocates self-help and the spirit of personal responsibility as a source of advances and improvement. He addresses to a popular audience to show the best way to take advantage of the changes that happened with the Industrial Revolution. In Smiles' lifetime, the Old Poor Law was characterised by paternalism, that is to say that people in power were responsible for their workers. Thanks to the Old Poor Law, people in poverty were provided out-relief in addition to their wages. However, with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1830s, capitalism became the leading system.
‘The Tsar Liberator’ How valid is this description was this of Alexander II? In 1855 Russia was ruled by Alexander Romanov in the form of an autocracy in which the Tsar had absolute power. During this period the economic situation of the country was is ruins, due to the increasing size of the population in 1855 the population was 70 million and in 1900 it grew to 130 million, therefore the already limited 6% of ideal farming land throughout Russia was strained, by the vast amount of mouths to feed. In addition the Russian industry was considered backwards due to Britain leading the industrial revolution it was known as the workshop of the world. Furthermore the social climate fared no better with 80% of the population consisting of peasants, there was a huge divide between the rich and poor.
The industrial revolution, over time, changed the lives of all Europeans. The ways the Industrial revolution changed European society is that the entire society went from the countryside with their families to the city to work in the factories. This change was bittersweet as the Europeans acquired jobs they were forced to live in very crowded row houses which were not well fitted to accommodate the new workforce. These new and sudden changes to European culture had left Europeans with a sense of that their culture was broken and civilization was stuck. As these changes came swift Europeans also felt that they had lost the things that gave their life meaning.