In the mid-12th century, the Turkic ruler Saladin rose to lead the Seljuks and succeeded in uniting the fragmented Muslim armies of Southwest Asia and North Africa. To Saladin, the Christian armies were the infidels that had to be evicted. When Saladin’s forces took Jerusalem, the call went out across Europe to launch another crusade. Three kings came forward-Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, King Phillip II of France, and King Richard I, later known as Richard the Lionheart of England. Held in 1187-1192.
c. Bordered the Ottoman and Mughal Empires II. Duration a. The Safavid Dynasty was founded by Shah Ismael, which lasted from approximately 1501 to 1736 III. The Rise a. Safavid dynasty arose from the struggles of the rival Turkic nomadic groups and they were prominence as the frontier warrior champions of a highly militant strain of Islam (Shi’a). IV.
They were leading their armies to the holy land. The Third Crusade "The Turkic ruler Saladin rose to lead the Seljuks and succeeded in uniting the split Muslim armies of Southwest Asia and North Africa. Europe launched another crusade when Saladin’s forces took Jerusalem. Frederick Barbarossa of Germany,
This journey is known in the Islamic calendar as the Hirja. The Islamic calendar begins in the year 622. After the death of Muhammad in 632, Muslims came together to choose a new leader or ‘khalifa’ (caliph) to be the successor of Muhammad. The caliph was to be the symbolic head of the Muslim community throughout the world. • A religion that began with the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century • Muhammad believed he was a messenger sent by God • Muslims follow the teachings of the holy book, the Qur’an • Muslims pray in the direction of Mecca, the centre for Islamic worship • Islam spread rapidly throughout the Middle East and beyond Photograph courtesy of SacredSites.com Science and technology in Medieval Islam The
After a number of Jews were enslaved in Egypt and once freed, Moses helped them escape through the dessert and after over 40 years of traveling in the dessert they finally made it to the promise land by Yahweh which was Canaan. The struggle to get to their God’s promise land makes it a holy place. And finally for Muslims, the Holy land contains some Muslim Mosques and the Dome of the rock where it is believed that this is where Muhammad was ascended into heaven. And that makes this one of the holiest places for Muslims. The three major monotheistic religions are sometimes described as branches of the same family tree.
He later marched into Egypt where he was welcomed as a savior. One of the most important battles was the battle at Gaugamela, in which Alexander finally defeated Darius III. Alexander eventually goes on all the way to India until he decides to return. His military prowess is important because it unifies the East and West. He establishes a multiracial kingdom in which he sets to establish a unity of common Greek culture.
At other times, the region existed in relative obscurity and isolation, although from the 7th century the cities of Mecca and Medina had the highest spiritual significance for the Islamic world, Mecca being the destination for the Hajj annual pilgrimage. For much of its history most of the region has been controlled by a patchwork of tribal rulers. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family), were originally minor tribal rulers in Nejd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahabbi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated.
Lead by the Pope, the Medieval Church existed as the official church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages and the influence of the Medieval Church on the society was vast, for “popes humbled emperors such as Henry IV” and “its leaders were among the most important persons of the empire” (Bachrach 2; Cook 38). In the essay Images of Eden, Christians “held the complete Bible to be revelation, that is, the word of God” (Morris 23). The biblical story of Adam and Eve is in the first chapter of the Bible, Genesis, which is the compilation of three authors named Priestly, Jehovist, and Elohist (Thury 53). The sources of Genesis approximately date back from 950 to 550 BCE (Thury 53). One of the most well-known biblical stories, Adam and Eve had profound impact on the way Medieval Christians explained the origins of humankind and nature, and how it shaped their moral values.
Islam is one of the world’s largest religions. Muhammad founded the religion of Islam in the 7th century AD and is considered the chief prophet of the faith. Muhammad wrote the holly Islamic book call the Quran, which Muslims believe was told to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. Muhammad’s vision was to bring people back to the one true God. Islam affected the Arabian Peninsula in many ways.
Ashwin Naglla HIST 3704 Professor Azimi November 10, 2010 Quran: Significance in the Lives of Muslims As early Arab conquerors spread Islam outside of Arabia, they established an expansive and rich culture. Islamic civilization soon encompassed the core Middle East and spread west to Spain and as far east to the Indus River. The Islamic world developed a common culture highly influenced by the Quran. This holy book was the root of many social and cultural norms in the lives of Muslims historically and today, including treatment of false beliefs and equality between men and women. The Quran says a lot about treatment of false belief.