Positive and Negative Reinforcements

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Positive and Negative Reinforcements Brittany Lauren Greenberg Grand Canyon University: Classroom Management for Students with Special Needs October 12, 2012 There are two types of reinforcement that are often used in the classroom, positive and negative. Reinforcement is used to help increase the probability that a specific behavior will occur with the delivery of a stimulus/item immediately after a response/behavior is exhibited (North Shore Pediatric Therapy, 2009). Positive or negative reinforcement can either be used to promote and encourage positive behavior or discourage negative behavior. Positive behavior is used when a desired behavior is displayed. A negative reinforcement on the other hand is when something is taken away when a undesirable behavior is displayed. There are so many creative ways to use negative reinforcement as well as positive reinforcement. As educators it is our responsibility to determine what system works for our students. However, working with special needs students positive and negative reinforcements becomes more prevalent than ever. To more clearly define positive and negative reinforcement let’s take a look at Exhibit A: Johnny, a factitious student whom demonstrates how effective positive and negative reinforcement can be of such substantial value in the classroom. Johnny is a third grade student with an emotional disability; he was molested the year before and has been placed in a foster care home. Because of the traumatic experience Johnny underwent he is resistant to change and authority. He became very close with his second grade teacher whom had acted as a constant in his life and now that he is in the third grade he is acing defiant and distant to his new teacher and his classmates. Johnny’s teacher Ms. Walsh sat down with him to discuss how they can work together and
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