Due to the policy, China has too many men and not enough women, there are 120 men to every 100 girls. This is because men are regarded as more valuable to the Chinese due to tradition, so when women have girls, they are either aborted or abandoned. In 30 years’ time, there will be 70 million single men, called bear branches, who will not be able to find a wife, unless they go abroad. The lack of women causes men to get very aggressive to find their partner, resulting in lots of crime and fights between bear branches. In rural areas especially, this policy has created many problems, this is because men are seen as more useful on land.
If a family ignores the policy, and has more than one child, they will have to pay a large fine; can lose their job, and any bonuses at work. The policy has a few exceptions, for example people with no siblings are allowed more than one child, along with rural families, ethnic minorities, and foreigners living in china. In rural areas, families can apply for a second child if their first child is a girl, disabled or has a mental illness. The policy caused a drop in fertility rate, from 3 children per woman in 1980, to 1.54 children per woman in 2011. Chinese authorities consider the policy, a great success, as it was estimated that China had three to four hundred million less people in 2008 than it would have done, had the policy not been introduced.
The outcome of the Liberal reforms widely suggests that the aim of reducing poverty was paramount. This is supported when one examines the first reform undertook in 1906 when the Liberals came to power- the introduction of school meals. This provided 14 million vulnerable children with a garunteed hot meal every day, which in turn financially helped struggling parents. However the act was permissive and was slow to begin with, some children were still left hungry and yet the government failed to make the act compulsory for all councils. This is particuarly suprising given the fact that in 1907 they ordered mandatory health tests for all schoolchildren, and results showed widespread malnutrition.
More children are born in Britain today outside of marriage than in most other European countries. This has been linked to many explanations such as; poor education in sexual health and the lack of knowlege on different types of contraceptives. Nearly a quarter of children lived with only one parent (25%) last year and nine out of ten of these households were headed by mothers. Dennis and Erdos believe that is is down to most families being fatherless, meaning they automatically have poor health and lower educational attainment, however this is only one theory. Another main reason is the simple fact people are marrying later for many reasons, more because of the change in attitudes towards education and religion (seclurisation).
And, more importantly, why? In the end, the Tobacco company finds out that the person they trusted was not in fact a person to believe. "In this, the biggest tobacco trial yet, with the biggest plaintiff's lawyers lined up with millions, his beloved Marlee would hand him a verdict." She lied and the trusting flitch fell for her lies. She took 10 million dollars from him but once the lawyers found out that both of her parents had died because of smoking-related, lung cancer deaths she wisely gave it back.
Children growing up in poverty face many disadvantages such as unhealthy levels of stress making it near impossible to successfully complete college, thus making it harder to escape their surroundings. The poverty rates in some European countries are much lower than in the United States because of programs they have put into place to help the poor and unlucky, leading one to think the government should once again re-declare the war on poverty. Krugman’s article not only shows percentages he also lets his readers know what the findings were from scientific studies. Living in the conditions of poverty is stressful for anyone, much less children. I see the effects that poverty has on many people every day, and always think one day that could be me.
One of the Acts that helped combat this issue was the National industrial Recovery Act, or NiRA, was passed by Congress on June 16, 1933. This law was designed to promote recovery and reform, encourage collective bargaining for unions, set up maximum work hours, minimum wages, and forbid child labor in industry. It did so, and had very limiting effects on industrialists and their businesses’ which meant they couldn’t raise prices and cut wages as they so pleased in times of economic disarray. This helped to settle down overproduction from an industrial standpoint. The Agricultural Adjustment act reduced agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock.
Article 25 says that “The state promotes family planning so that population growth may fit the plans for economic and social development”, and Article 49 states that “Both husband and wife have the duty to practice family planning”. In fact, the constitution cannot enforce jurisdiction directly in China, so the government has published many treaties, rules and ordinances to execute this policy, and finally in 2001, there was a law for family planning. However, as there is a serious decline of newborns and the population growth was slow down, China has lost benefits because of the large population. This means that the labor cost is gradually becoming higher, and the productivity of the whole country is a slowing down. Also, the aging society has become a big problem in China, which is only a developing country.
Assess the effectiveness of the Chinese One Child Policy. (15 marks) The Chinese One Child Policy (OCP) is a scheme to encourage families to have less children in order to slow down the rate of population growth in China. The policy was introduced because they wanted to avoid a Malthusian-type of disaster and the government realised that only controlled population can improve the living conditions of its people. The One Child Policy draws a clear line between rewards and punishments, citizens are given benefits if they follow the policy completely. However, on the other hand, penalties are given if they disobey the rule set.
The policy was established to improve social, economic and environmental problems in China, as well to reduce the rapid growth of China’s population. It is known that from 1979 to 2011, China has prevented 400 million births. The One Child Policy was introduced to china for many reasons. One reason would be to supply China’s people. Like every other country, China has a limited amount of food, water, shelter and education; it does not have enough resources to supply the whole country, especially if the one child policy was never introduced.