The main concept behind these explications is that different races are faced with their own unique types of strains. These types of strains are economic, family related, educational, communal, and discriminatory. All of these strains have some level of interconnectivity with one another that can lead to people committing criminal acts. The reading mainly focuses on the African American and White racial groups. Even though all of these strains have an influence on the racial differences in crime, I believe that the community contributes a lot to these differences.
Differential associations do however provide an excellent basis and starting point to work from when doing individualistic case studies and work even better as an aid for police, detectives, and other government officials in their search to pinpoint future crimes with suspicion to a specific individual. Criminal acts occur for a wide variety of reasons, most of them spontaneous and unplanned and if social learning theory is to be applied, that would assume a discernible type of sociological algorithm, which cancels out the inartistic nature of everyday crime. In the case of gang crime though, it is clear the social learning theory is applicable, but perhaps not to individualistic, spontaneous crime. Social learning theory and differential association have proven to be empirically supported and are further emerging as one of the most efficient ways of determining new and better ways to approach contemporary crime over generations. More widely used by criminologists every day, social learning theories can be used to bring forth proven methods of rehabilitation and correctional treatments now that criminology myths and misrepresentative data is beginning to be disproven.
Further, because most hate-crime legislation puts added effort into prosecuting crimes against certain individuals or groups, what about the same crimes committed against someone who doesn't fit into one of those groups? Will the crime be prosecuted to the same extent? If not, you're making things worse for the majority, who are likely to feel underprotected. If the problem is that too many people (of any group) are being mugged, or assaulted, or their belongings vandalized, you should put more effort into prosecuting muggings, assaults, or vandalism. Not to protect any one group, but to protect all
The simple truth is that the disproportional treatment for what is essentially two forms of the same drug is effecting minorities at an alarming rate. While evidence exists for some form of a disparity to exist between sentencing requirements for crack vs. powder cocaine, due mainly to crack cocaine’s typical use and distribution methods, the current ration of 100:1 is unjustifiable. Exemplified by recent statistics, something needs to be done immediately to rectify the current disparate impact on the African American community specifically as well as afford that population its constitutional rights under the 14th amendment. What is in place now is policy that targets the socially and economically disadvantaged, further ingraining a distrust for law enforcement and government in an already disenfranchised
He or she was consistent throughout the article by describing what happens while captured under the watchful eye of a trafficker. Nevertheless the author could have provided more facts to strengthen the argument. Sex trafficking is increasing which means that the government is not doing enough about the issue. The government designed The Palermo Protocol, an international crime control cooperation treaty which also contains measures to protect trafficked people and prevent trafficking. If the author would have gave facts like mentioning the Palermo Protocol and examples of negative and positive results the article would have been much more effective in not only expanding on the claim but also being less bias and identical to other
Are official statistics a reliable source of information about crime in Britain? Official criminal statistics are defined as “Statistical data compiled by the police and the courts and routinely published by governments as indices of the extent of crime” (Munchie, 2001, p194). “The working class, the young males, and members of some ethnic minorities are all more likely to commit crimes than the middle class, the elderly, females and whites – according to official statistics”. (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004, p338). In assessing the question “Are official statistics a reliable source of information about crime in Britain?” several factors will be considered: including how the statistics are collected, the divide between males and females in crime statistics, the over representation of ethnic minorities and any problems in looking at the true extent of crime using statistics as an indicator for this.
The statistics can give us an understanding as to the levels of these crimes and as to why or where they are most likely to occur. However because not all crimes which are reported, are actually recorded, the true extent to crime can never be revealed through official statistics or otherwise. Positivists believe that official statistics are indeed very useful to the understanding of social problems. They believe that because official statistics look at such a large proportion of the population that it allows us to make comparisons over time and make comparisons between different societies. They can allow generalisations to be made and over time they can have some affect on laws within society.
As crack cocaine use continues, the effects felt from the drug continue to get more severe. User’s who continuously abuse crack cocaine begin experiencing feelings such as cravings, obsessions and higher tolerances, symptoms that characterizes a serious addiction. Long-term crack cocaine effects seem much more severe than short-term Grimes 2 effects. Restlessness, mood change, irritability, auditory hallucinations, extreme paranoia, and addiction are lasting emotional and mental effects to the user. In addition, the feeling of worthlessness is another emotional long-term effect of crack cocaine use.
The migration of others into this country by illegal means has risen astonishingly. This act leads to higher crime rates in larger metropolitan areas. These immigrants are responsible for a significant percentage of trafficking, both human and drug. This is just the beginning of the issues that affect the criminal justice system. Many organized crimes have evolved from illegal immigrants, not to mention the bridge that has enabled cross-border terrorism.
Disparity and Discrimination Disparity and Discrimination The criminal justice system appears to be pretty straight forward. Someone commits a crime, an investigation results in finding the offender, arresting the offender, convicting the offender, and sentencing the offender. The offender completes his or her sentence and the process repeats itself when another crime is committed. However, the criminal justice system is not as straight forward as it may appear. There are several issues that the system faces and must address.