A good term for this is called “Social Desirability Bias” which means that you reply in a manner that is socially acceptable and desirable. The main purpose of this study is to allow the participants to describe the crimes in their own words instead of implying from observing participants. Honesty in these self-report studies help many different groups to better understand crime and criminal behavior. They use these reports to gather information to put them into statistics. The reports that are used are collected from the NIBRS (National Incident-Based Reporting System) and NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) and published by FBI in their yearly UCR ( Uniform Crime Report.)
Assess the view that crime prevention is more successful when focused on explaining offences rather than offenders. (21) Differing views from sociologists state that the success of crime prevention can be explained either through explaining the offence or through an explanation of the offenders. Some sociologist would state that in order to prevent criminal activity need to understand where offences take place and why these areas and not others. As Brantingham states that every person retains a memorable cognitive map of the area that they live in. This is a map that is individual to the person where they will have routine routes of where they will walk/drive etc.
When we consider theories that are most applicable to the idea of a social institution and how they may apply to organized crime or criminal behavior in generally it is important to consider at least two theories. The Rational Choice Theory and the Theory of Differential Association are two theories that attempt to allow us to gain insight as to how social institution can not only be responsible for creating organized crime but also allude to criminal behaviors and allow us to see how individuals can come to a decision to choose their live their life in this fashion. Rational theory believes organized crime groups can make rational decisions when pertaining to crime and the groups know right from wrong and possess free will. The rational theory believes in harsher penalty and quicker approach when it comes with dealing with criminals. The rational theory offenders discover that committing a crime was not worth it.
So when applying social institution status on organized crime is because organized crime exhibits the same characteristics as some of the examples giving for social institutions. Again organized crime does the opposite of what the other social institution have done and continue to do, but it does resemble the same traits in producing productive criminal individuals for the organizations. For this reason many persons are drawn to organized crime because it exhibits value for those persons, whereas in other areas those persons feel rejected (Lyman & Potter, 2007). The next part of
From this type of profiling an offender can be categorized as organized nonsocial offenders and disorganized asocial offenders. The killing from theses two types of offenders would produce two different crime scenes, one of complete chaos and plenty of evidence all over and another with little evidence and more controlled. A major benefit from using this type of profiling is that it let investigators know what kind of offender they will be dealing with so they know how to proceed with the case and interrogate them. A limitation from this type of profiling can be that too much attention is paid to the physical evidence and not on the nonphysical (Holmes & Holmes,
Along with a brief description of the criminological theories, an attempt to show how they differ from one another and discussion of one strength and one weakness unique to each theory will be made. Finally, I will provide my opinion as to which of the two philosophies (classical or positivist) explains criminal behavior in a much more complete manner and why. The first of the criminological theories is called Social Control Theory. What makes a person not a criminal? This is the main question asked in control theories.
Durkheim expands on this saying we are aware of these boundaries following social reactions to deviance. This is a strength to Durkheim's theory as people are able to know the boundaries in their shared norms and values, possibly limiting crime. However, it doesn’t explain why some people commit crimes and others do not. He also speaks of how crime creates social integration as it bonds people together against criminals. Like the item says, 'functionalist sociologists focus on how far individuals accept the norms and values of society.'
Forensic Psychology Offender Profiling P1: *Offender profiling is a set of techniques and tools that uses psychological theory and methods to improve criminal investigations. It is a very new field of psychology, and is based on the observation and not the theory. The use of offender profiling in both investigations has become popular and with the pressure to use it as evidence in court, it is important that an in-depth investigation is made into its validity and that it is backed by observation research. Offender profiling is also known as criminal profiling, criminal personality profiling, criminological profiling, behavioral profiling or criminal investigative analysis. There are so many different names because of the multiple television shows such as Profiler in the 1990s and The Silence of the Lambs.
Their differences are the number of options for rehabilitation and treatment and the types of facilities that could benefit the system. The American system was designed by that of England but has more to offer the criminal that wants to be rehabilitated and released back into the public to live his or her life. The plan behind both systems is to keep the citizens of the communities safe and still treat the prisoner in a humane manner. These systems might be a world apart, but in all actuality, they are closer than many people believe in the aspect that they are very similar. If only the two systems could merge and become one great system, the crime rates just might go
With this in mind, practitioners making decisions about how to manage sex offenders must ask themselves the following questions: What is the likelihood that a specific offender will commit subsequent sex crimes? Under what circumstances is this offender least likely to reoffend? What can be done to reduce the likelihood of reoffense? The study of recidivism—the commission of a subsequent offense—is important to the criminal justice response to sexual offending. If sex offenders commit a wide variety of offenses, responses from both a public policy and treatment perspective may be no different than is appropriate for the general criminal population (Quinsey, 1984).