INTRODUCTION Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder categorized for physiological and psychological behaviors which affect food consumption. People with bulimia nervosa are overly concerned with their body’s shape and weight and engage in detrimental behaviors in an attempt to control their weight. Bulimia is often characterized by uncontrollable episodes of of binge eating, (consuming large amounts of food within a short period of time) followed by inappropriate, reactionary behaviors to rid the body of the excess calories that were eaten. Unlike simple overeating, people who binge “cannot stop the urge to eat” once it has begun, even after their stomach is full. Binging may “feel good” initially, but it quickly becomes distressing for the person who is absorbed in this behavior.
Assessment Name: Joanna Gniazdowska Part 1: Know about different eating disorders 1a. Describe at least two different eating disorders. Eating disorder 1: Anorexia Nervosa – unrealistic perception of body weight and fear of gaining weight or becoming fat. People suffering from anorexia consume restrictive quantities of food which can lead to starvation. They count calories, may be obsessed over weight loss programmes, repeat weighing and physical examinations, skip meals and use laxatives.
People on a carb controlled diet need to control their portion intake. Even if they eat too much of a portion of healthy foods it could mess with their blood sugar levels. Fruits, milk and starches are also good carbohydrates. They should intake about 45- 60 grams of carbohydrates a meal. A carb controlled diet allows diabetics more choices of food.
According to the Set Point Theory, we have a biologically determined standard around which our body weight is regulated. Hence we eat too little or too much. In response to this, homeostatic mechanisms alter our metabolism and appetite accordingly, to return us close to our original weight. According to Passer et al (2009), persistent over or under eating may make it increasingly more difficult for homeostatic mechanisms to return us close to our original weight and over time may cause us to settle at a new weight. The Ventromedial Nucleus is the Satiety Centre.
This paper will explain binge eating behavior through the psychoanalytic perspective of Sigmund Freud and the humanistic perspective of Ryan and Deci. And then each perspective will be critically evaluated in its capability to explain binge eating behavior in people. Binge eating behaviour in people is characterised by compulsive overeating, in which a person ingests a large amount of food during a discrete period of time, while experiencing a lack of control and feeling powerless to stop eating (Mayo Clinic, 2012). People who binge eat, often eat in the absence of hunger and continue eating long after they are full. People who binge often gorge in isolation.
‐ Actual Behaviour: The more favourable the attitude and subjective norm and the greater the level of behavioural control, the more likely it is that a person will perform the behaviour. Examples of studies which have used social cognition models to predict our eating behaviour include: ‐ Sparks et al (1992) (biscuits and wholemeal bread) ‐ Roats et al (1995) (semi skimmed milk) ‐ Sparks and Shepherd (1992) (organic vegetables) However, according to Sutton (1998), our intentions to perform a behaviour are not the best predictor of behaviour. Research has therefore been carried out to identify the most accurate cognitive predictors of our behaviour. There
Low mood can often result in comfort eating, although occasionally it seems to have the opposite effect. Studies seek to investigate the effect of mood and distress on eating often look for either hypophagia( excess under-eating) or hyperphagia( excessive eating) as well as changes in patterns of consumption and food preferences. Odgen(2007) introduced a masking hypotheses where he observed that dieters who overeat in response to low mood may be seeking to mask their negative mood( dysphasia) with a temporary heightened mood induced by eating. Also, other people might get carbohydrate-craving syndrome in response to their low mood where they have an irresistible desire to consume sweet or starchy foods. Eating such things triggers an improvement in mood as carbohydrates are an important source of the amino acid tryptophan which is an essential building block for serotonin.
2) Coronary artery disease is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits on the walls of the coronary arteries. The fatty deposits, called atheroma, are made up of cholesterol and other waste substances. The build-up of atheroma on the walls of the coronary arteries makes the arteries narrower and restricts the flow of blood to the heart. Cholesterol is a fat made by the liver from the saturated fat that we eat. Cholesterol is essential for healthy cells, but if there is too much in the blood it can lead to CAD.
EPA and DHA, along with decreasing intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have pro-inflammatory properties, e.g. Arachidonic acid. 6. Higher folate intake due to increased folate deficiencies caused by malabsorption and interference of medications that hinder the body's ability to use folate. 7.
* Furthermore SLT suggests behaviour is most likely to be copied when it is reinforced. This reinforcement can be direct, for example praise for eating a certain food, or vicarious, for example seeing someone else receive praise for losing weight. * SLT will lead to the person having mental representations of eating behaviour and expectancies of outcomes associated with this eating behaviour. * SLT helps also explain the influence of the media, such as television, film and magazines on eating behaviour. There is also some evidence suggesting children’s toys like Barbie and Bratz may lead to children having an unrealistic image of an ideal body shape, and therefore lead to abnormal eating behaviours.